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US 2012/0299311141 Nov.29,2012 ORGANICRANKINECYCLE(ORC)LOAD FOLLOWING POWER GENERATION SYSTEM AND METHOD OF OPERATION BACKGROUND [0001] Rankinecyclesystemsarecommonlyusedforgen erating electrical power. The Rankine cycle system includes an evaporator or a boiler for evaporation of a Working ?uid, a turbine that receives the vapor from the evaporator to drive a generator, a condenser for condensing the vapor, and a pump orothermeans forrecyclingthecondensed?uidtotheevapo rator. The Working ?uid in Rankine cycle systems is often Water,andtheturbineisthusdrivenbysteam.An organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system operates similarly to a tradi tional Rankine cycle, except that an ORC system uses an organic ?uid, instead of Water, as the Working ?uid. Some organic ?uid vaporiZes at a loWer temperature than Water, alloWing a loW temperature heat source such as industrial Waste heat, biomass heat, geothermal heat and solar thermal heat to be used as the heat source to the evaporator. [0002] Insomesituations,afterthepoWerisgeneratedby theORC system,it?oWsthroughaninvertersystemtoeither aloadoragrid.TheinvertersystemincludesaDC busthat must be maintained at a near-constant voltage. Typically, the ORC systemisconnectedtoanin?nitegrid,Whichacceptsall ofthepoWergeneratedbytheORC systemandmaintainsa constantvoltageontheDC bus.HoWever,itisdesirabletouse anORCsystemtogeneratepoWerinremoteareasorother locations Where an in?nite grid is not available. When an in?nitegridisnotavailable,the?oW ofpoWerintotheDC bus must folloWtheloadinordertomaintainaconstantvoltageon theDC bus. SUMMARY [0003] A systemforproducingpoWerusinganorganic Rankine cycle (ORC) includes a turbine, a generator, an evaporator, anelectricheater,an invertersystem and anORC voltageregulator.Theturbineiscoupledtothegeneratorfor producing electric poWer. The evaporator is upstream of the turbine and the electric heater is upstream of the evaporator. The evaporator provides a vaporiZed organic ?uid to the tur bine. The electric heater heats the organic ?uid prior to the evaporator. The inverter system is coupled to the generator. The inverter system transfers electric poWer from the genera tortoaload.TheORC voltageregulatoriscoupledtothe inverter system and to the electric heater and itdiverts excess electrical poWer from the inverter system to the electric heater. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0004] FIG.1isaschematicofanorganicRankinecycle (ORC) poWer generation system designed to divert excess electrical poWer from an inverter system back to an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system. [0005] FIG.2isschematicofapoWergenerationsystem similar to FIG. 1 and further including a parasitic load for the ORC system. [0006] FIG.3isanenlargedschematicvieWofthepoWer generation system of FIG. 2 in steady-state mode illustrating the poWer at selected points in the system. [0007] FIG.4isaschematicvieWofthepoWergeneration system of FIG. 3 immediately folloWing a positive step change in a load. [0008] FIG.5isaschematicvieWofthepoWergeneration systemofFIG.4afterthepoWergenerationsystemhas enteredsteady-statemodefolloWingthepositivestepchange. [0009] FIG.6isaschematicvieWofthepoWergeneration system of FIG. 3 immediately folloWing a negative step change in a load. [0010] FIG.7isaschematicvieWofthepoWergeneration systemofFIG. 6instand-bymode aWaitingre-connectionto agrid. DETAILED DESCRIPTION [0011] A Rankinecyclesystemmaybeusedtogenerate electricalpoWer.TheRankinecycleusesavaporiZedWorking ?uid (i.e. Water) to drive a generator that produces electrical poWer.An organicRankinecycle(ORC)operatessimilartoa traditionalRankinecycle,exceptthatanORC systemusesan organic?uid,insteadofWater,astheWorking?uid,sothatthe ORCsystemcanusealoWertemperatureheatsourcefor evaporationoftheWorking?uid.ExampleloWertemperature heatsourcesincludeindustrialWasteheat,biomassheat(such astrees),geothermalheat,solarthermalheat. [0012] AfterelectricpoWerisproducedbythegenerator, the poWer ?oWs through an inverter system to a grid or a load. TheinvertersystemincludesaDC busthatmustbemain tainedatanear-constantvoltage.EqualpoWermust?oW into andoutoftheDC businordertomaintainaconstantvoltage ontheDCbus.WhentheORCsystemisconnectedtoan in?nitegrid,excessgeneratedpoWerisexportedtothein?nite gridandthevoltageoftheDC busismaintained.HoWever, WhentheORC systemisusedinaremoteareaorother location Where an in?nite grid is not available, the inverter systemmustpump more orlesspoWertomaintainthevoltage oftheDC businresponsetochangesintheload.Forexample, When auserturnson alight,more poWer ?oWs outoftheDC busthan?oWsintotheDC bus,causingtheDC busvoltageto drop,andthepoWerintotheDC busmustbeincreasedto maintaintheDC busvoltage.Similarly,Whenauserturnsoff thelight,morepoWer?oWsintotheDC busthan?oWsoutof theDC bus,WhichcausestheDC busvoltagetoincrease,and thepoWerintotheDC busmustbedecreasedtomaintainthe DC busvoltage.ThepoWergenerationsystemmustactto maintaintheDC busvoltageWithinacceptablelimits.One WaytomaintainaconstantDC busvoltageistoadjustthe amountofpoWergeneratedbytheORC system.HoWever,the electric poWer generated by an ORC system cannot be quickly controlled as Will be described further beloW. The invertersystemprovidesacapacitancebetWeenmilliseconds andonesecondforvoltageadjustmentoftheDC busWhileit takesminutestoadjusttheamountofpoWergeneratedbythe ORC system. The system and method described herein includegeneratinganddivertingexcesselectricbacktothe ORC systemsothataconstantvoltageismaintainedonthe DC busduringpositiveandnegativestepchangesinload When an in?nite grid isnot available. This system and method quicklychangethepoWertoDCbus,creatingaload-folloW ing ORC poWer generation system and alloWing the ORC system to be used Without an in?nite grid. [0013] FIG.1isaschematicofpoWersystem10having organic Rankine cycle (ORC) poWer generation system 12, inverter or poWer electronics system 14 and load 16. Electric poWergeneratedbyORC system12?oWsthroughinverter system 14 to load 16. Load 16 can be part ofa local grid or an islandgrid.ORC system12isnotconnectedtoanin?nitePDF Image | ORC Cycle Load
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