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US 2012/0299311A1 Nov.29,2012 ondstoonesecond.Voltageregulator50canredirectpower betWeen load 16 and electric heater 26 to balance the poWer intoandoutofDC bus42Withintheaboutmillisecondsto about one second timeframe. Further, by generating excess poWerinORC system12Whichisdivertedbacktoheater26, voltage regulator 50 and poWer generation system 52 can quickly respond to positive step increase in load 16. Thus, ORC system12canbeusedinlocationsWhereanin?nitegrid isnot available. [0047] System52describedinFIG.3-FIG.7,Whichpro duces a buffer amount in steady-state mode and a minimum amountinstand-bymode,isbestsuitedforanORC system Where the heat source to evaporator 28 isnot completely free, such as a biomass heat source. Because of heat source cost concerns,itisnotdesirabletounnecessarilycontinuouslyrun suchsystemsatmaximumpoWerproduction.Toreducecosts, the heat input to evaporator 28 is reduced When the extra poWer is not necessary, such as When the system enters steady-statemode and stand-bymode. System 52 iscon?g uredtoproduceabufferamountof20kW Whenload16is greaterthan0kW andaminimumamountof50kW Whenthe loadis0kW. ThebufferamountrepresentsthelargestalloW ablestepincreaseofload16When system52 isconnectedto a local grid. The minimum amount represents the largest alloWablestepincreaseinload16Whenreconnectingsystem 52 to a local grid. The buffer amount and the minimum amount can be adjusted based on the particular requirements of a site. [0048] Iftheheatinputtoevaporator28isfree,suchas geothermal heat, it may be desirable to continuously run system52 atmaximum poWer. Inthiscase,voltageregulator 50 stilldiverts poWer to and from heater 26 as described above but system 52 Would not enter the steady-state mode or the stand-bymode. Ifsystem 12 iscontinuouslyrunatmaximum poWer generation, the pressure of system 12 should be moni tored because such operation can increase the pressure of ORC system12abovethedesignedpressure.If,forexample, halfofthepoWergeneratedbyturbine30andgenerator32is divertedbacktoheater26andtheheatinputtoevaporator28 remainsconstant,ORC system12Willcontinuallyproduce more poWer. Eventually the pressure limit of system 12 can be reachedandsystem12becomesoverstressed.Monitoringthe pressure of system 12 alloWs the operating conditions of system 12 to be adjusted to reduce the pressure of system 12 before the pressure limit of system 12 is exceeded. [0049] Asmentionedabove,otherparasiticloadscanexist in system 52 in addition to or in place of pump 54. In one example, pump 22 and pump 54 are both parasitic loads. Pump 22 pumps liquid Working ?uid or refrigerant to heat exchanger24.ThepoWerrequirementsofpump 22generally folloWthesametrendasthepoWerrequirementsofpump 54. That is,When thepoWer requirements ofpump 54 increase, thepoWerrequirementsofpump22alsoincrease.A system containing parasitic pumps 22 and 54 operates in the same manner as system 52 described above. The only difference is thatpoWerfromtakenfromDC bus42mustbedistributed betWeen pumps 22 and 54. [0050] WhiletheinventionhasbeendescribedWithrefer encetoanexemplaryembodiment(s),itWillbeunderstoodby thoseskilledintheartthatvariouschangesmay bemade and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereofWithout departing from the scope of the invention. For example, a poWer generation system may operate in steady-state mode Whentheloadisgreaterthan0kW buttheORC systemmay stopWhentheloadislessthan0kW (thepoWergeneration system does not operate in a stand-by mode). In addition, manymodi?cationsmaybemadetoadaptaparticularsitua tion or material to the teachings of the invention Without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, itis intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment(s) disclosed, but that the invention Will include al embodiments falling Within the scope of the appended claims. 1.A systemforproducingpoWerusinganorganicRankine cycle(ORC),thesystemcomprising: a turbine coupled to a generator for producing electric poWer; an evaporator upstream of the turbine for providing a vaporizedorganic?uidtotheturbine; anelectricheaterupstreamoftheevaporatorforheatingthe organic?uidpriortotheevaporator; aninvertersystemcoupledtothegeneratorfortransferring electric poWer from the generator to a load; and anorganicRankinecycle(ORC)voltageregulatorcoupled to the inverter system and coupled to the electric heater for diverting excess electric poWer from the inverter systemtotheelectricheater. 2.Thesystemofclaim1,WhereintheORC voltageregu lator comprises a sWitch. 3. The system of claim 1, Wherein the generator is an induction generator and the inverter system comprises a bi directionalinverter. 4.The systemofclaim1,Whereinthegeneratorisselected from the group consisting of a permanent magnet generator and a synchronous generator. 5.Thesystemofclaim1,andfurthercomprisingaparasitic loadconnectedtotheinvertersystem. 6. The system of claim 1, Wherein the inverter system comprisesabattery. 7.The systemofclaim1,WhereintheORC voltageregu lator is con?gured to divert a minimum amount of electric poWertotheheaterWhen aloadisequalto0kW. 8.Thesystemofclaim1,WhereintheORC voltageregu lator is con?gured to divert a buffer amount of electric poWer to the heater When the load is greater than 0 kW. 9.Thesystemofclaim1,WhereintheORC voltageregu lator is con?gured to reduce a heat input to the evaporator When there is an increase in the excess poWer diverted to the heater. 10.Thesystemofclaim1,WhereintheORC voltageregu lator is con?gured to increase a heat input to the evaporator When there is a decrease in the excess poWer diverted to the heater. 11. The system of claim 1, and further comprising a local gridconnectedtotheinvertersystem. 12. A method of producing load-folloWing electrical energy using an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system, the methodcomprising: producing electric poWer With an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system by evaporating an organic ?uid, passing theevaporatedorganic?uidthroughaturbinecoupledto agenerator,condensingtheorganic?uidandreturning thecondensedorganic?uidtotheevaporator; sendingtheelectricpoWerfromtheORC systemthrougha DC bustoaload;and using a voltage regulator to send excess electric poWer ?oWingintotheDC bustotheORC systemsothatthePDF Image | ORC Cycle Load
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