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US 2014/0109576A1 Apr.24,2014 working ?uid out?owing from said at least one expansion turbine to at least one condenser where the working ?uid is condensed;iv)sendingtheorganicworking?uidout?owing from the condenser to said at least one heat exchanger; char acterisedinthatinstepi)thewayfollowedbytheworking ?uid from an inlet to an outlet of the expansion turbine is at leastpartlyaradial-out?owway. [0018] TheApplicanthasascertainedthattheradial-out ?ow turbineisthemost appropriatemachine fortheapplica tion in reference, i.e. for expansion of the working ?uid of highmolecularweightinanORC cycle,because: [0019] expansionsinORC cyclesarecharacterisedby low enthalpic changes and the radial-out?ow turbine beingtheobjectoftheinventionissuitableforapplica tions with low enthalpic changes because itcarries out lower works relative to the axial and/or radial in?ow machines, the peripheral speed and reaction degree beingthesame; [0020] expansionsinORC cyclesarecharacterisedby low rotation speeds and low peripheral speeds of the rotor,duetothelowenthalpicchangescharacterisingthe mentionedcycles,moderatetemperaturesoratallevents not as high as in gas turbines for example, and the radial out?ow turbine is well adapted for situations with low mechanical and thermal stresses; [0021] becauseRankinecyclesingeneralandORC cycles in particular are characterised by high volume expansion ratios, the radial-out?ow turbine optimises theheightsofthemachineblades,andinparticularofthe ?rst stage, due to the fact that the wheel diameter grows in the ?ow direction; therefore total and not choked admissionisalmostalwayspossible; [0022] sincetheconstructionshapeoftheradial-out?ow turbine enables several expansion stages to be obtained on a single disc, losses due to secondary ?ows and leak age can be reduced and at the same time more reduced costs can be reached; [0023] inaddition,theexpansionturbineintheradial out?ow con?guration makes it super?uous to twist the blades on the last expansion stage, thus simplifying the machine construction. [0024] Accordingtoapreferredembodiment,theexpan sion turbine comprises a ?xed box having an axial inlet and a radially peripheral outlet, only one rotor disc mounted in the box and rotating around a rotation axis “X-X”, at least one ?rstseriesofrotorbladesmounted on afrontfaceoftherotor discanddisposedaron therotationaxis“X-X”,andatleast one?rstseriesofstatorbladesmountedonthebox,facingthe rotor disc and disposed around the rotation axis “X-X”. [0025] Preferably,theexpansionturbinecomprisesatleast onesecondseriesofrotorbladesdisposedataradiallyexter nal position to the ?rst series of rotor blades and at least one second series of stator blades disposed at a radially external positiontothe?rstseriesofstatorblades. [0026] Theradial-out?owturbinebeingtheobjectofthe inventionneedsonlyonediscalsoformulti-stagemachines, unlike axial machines, and therefore offer less losses due to ventilation and more reduced costs. Due to the aforesaid compactness, very reduced plays can be maintained, which resultsinreducedleakageandthereforesmallerlossesdueto escape. Thermal losses too are smaller. [0027] Inaddition,thebladesoftheradialcentrifugaltur binehavenottobetwistedandthisinvolveslowerproduction costs for said blades and the turbine as a whole. [0028] Accordingtoapreferredembodiment,theradial out?owexpansionturbinecomprisesabaf?e?xedlymounted ontheboxattheaxialinletandadaptedtoradiallydeviatethe axial?ow towardsthe?rstseriesofstatorblades. [0029] Preferably,thebaf?ehasaconvexsurfacefacingthe in?ow. [0030] Preferably,thebaf?ecarriesthe?rstseriesofstator bladesataradiallyperipheralportionthereof. [0031] Inadditiontolimitingthe?uid-dynamiclossesat the ?rst stator inlet, the baf?e aims at preventing the ?uid at higherpressurefromhittingthemovingparts.Thisexpedient further reduces losses by friction on the rotor disc and allows greater ?exibility when conditions different from the design conditions occur. [0032] Preferably,thefrontfaceoftherotordiscandthe face of the box carrying the stator blades diverge from each other on moving away from the rotation axis “X-X”. [0033] Preferably,theexpansionturbinecomprisesadif fuserplacedataradiallyexternalpositionrelativetothestator or rotor blades. [0034] Theradialturbineintheout?owcon?guration facilitatesaccomplishmentofthediffuserenablingrecovery of the kinetic energy at the discharge and therefore more overalle?iciencyofthemachine. [0035] Inanalternativeembodiment,theexpansionturbine comprises at least one radial-out?ow stage and at least one axialstagepreferablydisposedonaradiallyexternalperim eteroftherotordisc. [0036] Furtherfeaturesandadvantageswillbecomemore apparent from the detailed description of a preferred but not exclusive embodiment of an apparatus and a process for gen erationofenergythroughorganicRankinecycleaccordingto thepresentinvention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0037] Thedetaileddescriptionofthesecon?gurationswill be set out hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings,givenbyway ofnon-limitingexample,inwhich: [0038] FIG.1diagrammaticallyshowsthebasecon?gura tion of an apparatus for energy generation through organic Rankinecycleaccordingtothepresentinvention; [0039] FIG.2isasidesectionviewofaturbinebelonging to the apparatus in FIG. 1; [0040] FIG.3isapartialfrontsectionviewoftheturbinein FIG. 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION [0041] Withreferencetothedrawings,anapparatusfor energy generation through organic Rankine cycle (ORC) accordingtothepresentinventionhasbeengenerallyidenti ?ed with reference numeral 1. [0042] Apparatus1comprisesanendlesscircuitinwhich anorganicworking?uidofhighormediummolecularweight ?ows. This ?uid can be selected from the group comprising hydrocarbons, ketones, ?uorocarbons and siloxanes. Prefer ablythis?uidisaper?uorinated?uidwithamolecularweight included between 150 and 500 g/mol. [0043] FIG.1showsthecircuitoftheRankinecycleinits base con?guration and contemplates: a pump 2, a heat exchanger or thermal exchanger 3, an expansion turbine 4 connected to an electric generator 5, a condenser 6.PDF Image | ORC Patent 2014
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