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US 7,013,644 B2 12 ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE SYSTEM WITH bystilanotheraspectoftheinventionthe?oWofengine SHARED HEAT EXCHANGER FOR USE coolant and engine oil is made to ?oW in one direction WITHARECIPROCATINGENGINE WithinaheatexchangerandtheORC?uidismadeto?oW BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates generally to Waste heat recovery systems and, more particularly, to an organic rankine cycle system for extracting heat from a reciprocating engine. PoWergenerationsystemsthatprovideloWcostenergy 1O With minimum environmental impact, and Which can be readily integrated into the existing poWer grids or Which can be quickly established as stand alone units, can be very useful in solving critical poWer needs. Reciprocating in a counter?oW direction. In the draWings as hereinafter described, a preferred embodiment is depicted; hoWever, various other modi?ca tions and alternate constructions can be made thereto With out departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an organic rankine cycle system as incorporated With a reciprocating engine. FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a shared heat enginesarethemostcommonandmosttechnicallymature 15 exchangerinaccordanceWiththepresentinvention. ofthesedistributedenergyresourcesinthe0.5to5MWe range. These engines can generate electricity at loW cost Withe?icienciesof25% to40% usingcommonly available fuels such as gasoline, natural gas or diesel fuel. HoWever, atmospheric emissions such as nitrous oxides (NOx) and particulates can be an issue With reciprocating engines. One Way to improve the e?iciency of combustion engines With out increasing the output of emissions is to apply a bottom ing cycle (i.e. an organic rankine cycle or ORC). Bottoming cycles use Waste heat from such an engine and convert that thermalenergyintoelectricity. Most bottoming cycles applied to reciprocating engines extract only the Waste heat released through the reciprocat ing engine exhaust. HoWever, commercial engines reject a large percentage of their Waste heat through intake after coolers, coolant jacket radiators, and oil coolers. Accord ingly, it is desirable to apply an organic rankine bottoming cycle Which is con?gured to e?iciently recover the Waste heat from several sources in a reciprocating engine system. Itisthereforeanobjectofthepresentinventiontoprovide an improved ORC Waste heat recovery system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Referring noW to FIG. 1, there is shoWn a reciprocating engine 11 of the type Which is typically used to drive a generator (not shoWn) for purposes of providing electrical poWer for consumer use. The engine 11 has an air intake section 12 for taking in air for combustion purposes and an 25 exhaust13Whichmaybedischargedtotheenvironment,but is preferably applied to convert a portion of the energy therein to useful purposes. The engine 11 also has a plurality of heat exchangers With appropriate ?uids for maintaining the engine 11 at acceptable operating temperatures. One of the heat exchangers is a replacement heat exchanger 14 that transfers heat from a liquid coolant that is circulated in heat exchange relationship With the portion of the engine Where combustion occurs, to an ORC Working ?uid. That is, the typical engine coolant-to-ambient air radiator of the reciprocating engine is replaced With a Anotherobjectofthepresentinventionistheprovision35 liquid-to-liquid(i.e.enginecoolant-to-organicWorking for extracting Waste heat from a number of sources from a reciprocatingengine. Yetanotherobjectofthepresentinventionistheprovision for employing an ORC for recouping Waste heat from a reciprocatingengine. Still another object of the present invention is the provi sion for recovering Waste heat from a number of sources of a reciprocating engine in an effective and economical man ner. ?uid) heat exchanger. This heat exchanger ismuch smaller, and thus cheaper then the replaced radiator because it has forced liquid convection heat transfer on both sides of the heatexchanger.Also,theenginecoolantandtheORC liquid 40 pumpsprovidetheforcedconvectiononeachside,sono energy and space consuming fans Would be required as on a typical radiator. Similarly, an oil cooler 16 is provided to remove heat from alubricantthatiscirculatedWithinthemoving partsof Theseobjectsandotherfeaturesandadvantagesbecome 45 theengine11andtotransferthatheattotheORC Working ?uid. A typical oil-to-ambient air or oil-to-engine coolant heat exchanger is replaced by an oil-to-ORC ?uid heat exchanger to further recover Waste heat from the engine at a higher temperature than the engine coolant of the radiator more readily apparent upon reference to the folloWing description When taken in conjunction With the appended draWings. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Brie?y, in accordance With one aspect of the invention, staged heat exchangers serve the dual purpose of removing heat from the intake tract, Water cooling jacket, oil sump, and exhaust gas cooler of a reciprocating engine While preheating and boiling the Working ?uid of an organic rankinecycle. In accordance With another aspect of the invention, the usual heat exchanger apparatus in a reciprocating engine (i.e.primarilythetransferofheattoambientair)isreplaced With a set of heat exchangers Wherein the heat is transferred toanORC ?uid,Withthetemperaturesbeingprogressively increased. 55 Whilepreventingoiloverheating. The engine 11 may be provided With a turbo charger 17 Which receives high temperature, high pressure exhaust gases from the exhaust section 13 to compress the engine inlet air entering the turbo charger 17. The resulting com pressed air, Which is heated as a result of the compression process, then passes to a charge cooler 18 prior to passing into the intake 12 of the engine to be mixed With fuel for combustion. The charge cooler 18 is an air-to-liquid charge cooler that replaces the typical intake air-to-ambient air or intake air-to-engine coolant after-cooler that is normally appliedonturbochargedorturbo-compoundedreciprocating engines. Ifthe heat exchanger Were the same siZe, itWould provide a cooler intake charge to the engine because the Working?uidoftheORC WouldbeataloWertemperature then the regulated engine coolant (air to coolant after Byyetanotheraspectoftheinvention,provisionismade for the sharing of a single heat exchanger that simulta neouslyreceivesheatfromtheenginecoolantandfromthe 65 cooling),orbecausethetemperaturedifferencebetWeenthe engineoilsump,andtransferstheheattoanORC Working airandtheliquidWorking?uidWouldbelessthenthat ?uid. betWeen tWo air streams (air to air after cooler).PDF Image | ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE SYSTEM WITH SHARED HEAT EXCHANGER
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