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US 2004/0088985 A1 May 13,2004 ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE WASTE HEAT APPLICATIONS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0001] Thisinventionrelatesgenerallytoorganicrankine cycle systems and, more particularly, to economical and practical methods and apparatus therefor. [0002] TheWellknoWnclosedrankinecyclecomprisesa boiler or evaporator for the evaporation of a motive ?uid, a turbine fed With vapor from the boiler to drive the generator or other load, a condenser for condensing the eXhaust vapors from the turbine and a means, such as a pump, for recycling the condensed ?uid to the boiler. Such a system as is shoWn and described in US. Pat. No. 3,393,515. [0003] Suchrankinecyclesystemsarecommonlyusedfor thepurposeofgeneratingelectricalpoWerthatisprovidedto a poWer distribution system, or grid, for residential and commercial use across the country. The motive ?uid used in such systems is often Water, With the turbine then being driven by steam. The source of heat to the boiler can be of any form of fossil fuel, e.g. oil, coal, natural gas or nuclear poWer. The turbines in such systems are designed to operate atrelativelyhighpressuresandhightemperaturesandare relatively expensive in their manufacture and use. [0004] Withtheadventoftheenergycrisisand,theneed to conserve, and to more effectively use, our available energies, rankine cycle systems have been used to capture the so called “Waste heat”, that Was otherWise being lost to the atmosphere and, as such, Was indirectly detrimental to the environment by requiring more fuel for poWer produc tion than necessary. [0005] OnecommonsourceofWasteheatcanbefoundat land?llsWheremethanegasis?aredofftotherebycontrib ute to global Warming. In order to prevent the methane gas from entering the environment and thus contributing to global Warming, one approach has been to burn the gas by Way of so called “?ares”. While the combustion products of methane (CO2 and H20) do less harm to the environment, it is a great Waste of energy that might otherWise be used. [0006] Anotherapproachhasbeentoeffectivelyusethe methane gas by burning it in diesel engines or in relatively small gas turbines or microturbines, Which in turn drive generators,WithelectricalpoWerthenbeingapplieddirectly to poWer-using equipment or returned to the grid. With the use of either diesel engines or microturbines, it is necessary to ?rst clean the methane gas by ?ltering or the like, and With dieselengines,thereisnecessarilysigni?cantmaintenance involved. Further, With either of these approaches there is stila great deal of energy that ispassed to the atmosphere byWayoftheeXhaustgases. [0009] Another object of the present invention is the provision for a rankine cycle turbine that iseconomical and effective in manufacture and use. [0010] Yetanotherobjectofthepresentinventionisthe provision for more effectively using the secondary sources of Waste heat. [0011] Yetanotherobjectofthepresentinventionisthe provision for a rankine cycle system Which can operate at relatively loW temperatures and pressures. [0012] Stillanotherobjectofthepresentinventionisthe provision for a rankine cycle system Which is economical and practical in use. [0013] Theseobjectsandotherfeaturesandadvantages become more readily apparent upon reference to the folloW ing descriptions When taken in conjunction With the appendeddraWings. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0014] Brie?y,inaccordanceWithoneaspectoftheinven tion, a centrifugal compressor Which is designed for com pression of refrigerant for purposes of air conditioning, is usedinareverse?oW relationshipsoastotherebyoperate as a turbine in a closed organic rankine cycle system. In this Way, an eXisting hardWare system Which is relatively inex pensive, is used to effectively meet the requirements of an organic rankine cycle turbine for the effective use of Waste heat. [0015] Byanotheraspectoftheinvention,acentrifugal compressor having a vaned diffuser is effectively used as a poWer generating turbine With ?oW directing noZZles When used in a reverse ?oW arrangement. [0016] Byyetanotheraspectoftheinvention,acentrifu gal compressor With a pipe diffuser isused as a turbine When operated in a reverse ?oW relationship, With the individual pipe openings being used as noZZles. [0017] InaccordanceWithanotheraspectoftheinvention, a compressor/turbine uses an organic refrigerant as a motive ?uidWiththerefrigerantbeingchosensuchthatitsoperating pressure is Within the operating range of the compressor/ turbine When operating as a compressor. [0018] InthedraWingsashereinafterdescribed,apre ferredembodimentisdepicted;hoWevervariousothermodi ?cations and alternate constructions can be made thereto Without departing from the true spirt and scope of the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0019] FIG.1isaschematicillustrationofavaporcom pression cycle in accordance With the prior art. [0007] OtherpossiblesourcesofWasteheatthatarepres entlybeingdischargedtotheenvironmentaregeothermal [0020] FIG.2isaschematicillustrationofarankinecycle sources and heat from other types of engines such as gas turbineenginesthatgiveoffsigni?cantheatintheireXhaust gases and reciprocating engines that give off heat both in their exhaust gases and to cooling liquids such as Water and lubricants. system in accordance With the prior art. [0021] FIG.3isasectionalvieWofacentrifugalcom pressor in accordance With the prior art. [0022] FIG.4isasectionalvieWofacompressor/turbine in accordance With a preferred embodiment of the invention. [0008] Itisthereforeanobjectofthepresentinventionto provideaneWandimprovedclosedrankinecyclepoWer [0023] FIG.5isaperceptivevieWofadiffuserstructure plant that can more effectively use Waste heat. in accordance With the prior art.PDF Image | ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE WASTE HEAT APPLICATIONS
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