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US 8,011,431 B2 12 PROCESSANDSYSTEMFORCREATING ThetermrelativedraWdoWnpressuremeansdraWdoWn ENHANCED CAVITATION BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1.FieldoftheInvention Embodiments of this invention relate to a process and systemforcreatingcavitiesWithinaproducibleformationor Zone thereof to reduce or eliminate co-production of sand. In certainembodiments,theprocessandsystempermitsan10 increaseofaMSFR ofacavitatedformation. More particularly, embodiments ofthisinventionrelateto aprocessandsystemforcreatingcavitiesWithinaproducible formation or Zone thereof to reduce or eliminate co-produc tionofsand,Wherethemethodandsystemincludesintroduc ing an aggregation, agglomeration or conglomeration com position into a producible formation or Zone to prevent or reduceformationcollapse,andthenproducingtheformation above its critical draW doWn pressure to create a cavity or cavitiesaroundorsurroundingtheWellboreintheproducible20 formation or Zone, and thus reduce the relative draW doWn pressure at Which the producible formation or Zone can be produced. 2.DescriptionoftheRelatedArt Inpriorart,operatorshaveattemptedtocreatecavities25 behind production casing or liners in an effort to increase a production ?oW area and to reduce a relative draW doWn pressureofaproducingWellorformationandtoalloWhigher sand free production rates. HoWever, formation collapse problems are sometimes encountered When attempting to 30 createcavitiesinWeaklyconsolidated,semi-consolidated,or unconsolidated formations, diminishing the enhancing effectsofthecavityformation. Thus, there is a need in the art for a method and system for formingcavitiesinproducingformationsorZonestherein 35 thatenhancetheformationstrengthinsuchaWaythatforma tion collapse is eliminated or reduced during the cavity cre ationprocess. pressure per unit area of the producing formation or Zone. Thetermsubstantiallyeliminateco-productionofparticu late free or other similar usage means that the produced ?uids havelessthan5Wt.% formationparticulate.Incertain embodiments, the term means that the produced ?uids have lessthan2.5Wt.% formationparticulate.Incertainembodi ments, the term means that the produced ?uids have less than 1Wt.% formationparticulate.Incertainembodiments,the termmeansthattheproduced?uidshavelessthan0.5Wt.% formation particulate. In certain embodiments, the term means that the produced ?uids have less than 0.1 Wt. % formationparticulate. The term producible formation means a Weakly consoli dated, semi-consolidated or unconsolidated hydrocarbon bearing formation that is capable of producing such hydro carbons. These hydrocarbons, such as, but not limited to, gas, oil, or gas condensate, can be produced separately or in any combination With each other. In some cases, the producing formationmayalsoproduceWaterincombinationWithsuch hydrocarbons. The term producible Zone means a portion or section of a producibleformation. The term non-producible formation means a formation that isincapableofproducinghydrocarbons. The term non-producible Zone means a portion or section Within either a producible formation or a non-producible formationthatisincapableofproducinghydrocarbons. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An embodimentofthisinventionprovidesamethodfor cavitating producible formations or Zones therein. The methodincludesintroducinganaggregation,agglomeration, orconglomerationcompositionintoaproducibleformation or Zone therein to reduce or prevent formation cave in or collapse. Once the aggregation, agglomeration or conglom eration composition has been introduced into a producible formation,themethodalsoincludesproducingtheformation aboveitscriticaldraWdoWnpressuretocreateacavityor cavities around the Well bore and/or casing or liner and/or cemented casing or liner in the producible formation or Zone thereof. After the formation or Zone is cavitated, the method also includes producing the cavitated formation or Zone beloW itscriticaldraW doWn pressure,Where thecavityorthe cavities decrease the relative draW doWn pressure and thus reduce,substantiallyeliminateoreliminateco-productionof sand. An embodimentofthisinventionprovidesamethodfor cavitatingproducibleformationsorZonestherein.The methodincludesintroducinganaggregation,agglomeration, or conglomeration composition into a producible formation or Zone therein to reduce or prevent formation cave in or collapse. Once the formation has been conglomerated, the methodalsoincludesproducingtheformationaboveitscriti cal draW doWn pressure to create a cavity or cavities around theWellboreand/orcasingorlinerand/orcementedcasingor liner in the producible formation or Zone thereof. After the formation or Zone is cavitated, the method includes introduc ingasecondaggregation,agglomeration,orconglomeration composition and/or a consolidation composition into the cavitated formation or Zone to form a further conglomerated and/or consolidated and cavitated formation or Zone therein. Afterthefurtherconglomerationorconsolidationofthefor mationorZone,themethodalsoincludesproducingthefur ther conglomerated or consolidated and cavitated formation or Zone beloW its critical draW doWn pressure, Where the De?nition The term formation particulate means any solid material such as sand, formation ?nes, proppant, etc. that is co-pro duced With production ?uid When an oil and/or gas Well is placedonproduction. The term MSFR means maximum sand free production rate, Which is the maximum production rate that can be achieved from a Well Without the co-production of sand or formationparticulate. 40 45 Thetermcavitationorcavitatingmeanstoformcavities50 aroundproductiontubing,casingorcementedcasing,i.e.,to produce a volume free or substantially free of formation particulate surrounding the production tubing, casing or cementedcasing. Thetermcavitatedformationmeansaformationhavinga 55 cavityorcavitiessurroundingtheproductiontubing,casing or cemented casing. The term draW doWn pressure means a reduction in a pres sure that is required to move the content, such as but not limitedto,oil,gasand/orWater,oftheformationorZoneinto 60 thecasing,linerortubing. The term critical draW doWn pressure means the reduction inapressurethatisrequiredtoco-produceformationparticu late into the casing or liner or tubing. ThetermconglomeratedmeansaformationorZonetreated 65 Withanaggregation,agglomeration,orconglomerationcom position.PDF Image | PROCESS AND SYSTEM FOR CREATING ENHANCED CAVITATION
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