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US 8,011,431 B2 56 tial so that the particles tend to aggregate With suf?cient strength to reduce or eliminate formation collapse or cave in duringsubsequentabovecriticaldraWdoWnpressureproduc tion.Unlikeconsolidationcompositions,thesecompositions do not interact With the formation particles to form a consoli datedmatrix,butmerelyformsconglomerationofparticles, Where the “bonds” betWeen the particles can be broken and reformed under ?oW conditions. Under enhanced ?oW con ditions,the“bonds”betWeentheparticlesarebrokenandthe dislodged particles are entrained in the ?uid ?oW. In this Way, material can be removed from the formation surrounding the Well bore in desired Zones of a producible formation Without riskingformationcollapseorcaveinduringcavitation. Amine/PhosphateCompositions The invention broadly relates to a composition including an amine and a phosphate ester. The composition modi?es surfaces of solid materials or portions thereof altering the chemical and/or physical properties of the surfaces. The alteredpropertiespermitthesurfacestobecome selfattract ingortopermitthesurfacestobeattractivetomaterialhaving 20 similar chemical and/or physical properties. In the case of particlesincludingmetaloxideparticlessuchasparticlesof silica, alumina, titania, magnesia, Zirconia, other metal oxides or oxides including a mixture of these metal oxides (naturalorsynthetic),thecompositionformsacompleteor 25 partial coating on the surfaces of the particles. The coating can interact With the surface by chemical and/or physical interactions including, Without limitation, chemical bonds, hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions, dipolar interac tions,hyperpolariZabilityinteractions,cohesion,adhesion,30 adherence, mechanical adhesion or any other chemical and/or physical interaction that alloWs a coating to form on the particles. The coated particles have a greater aggregation or agglomerationpropensitythantheuncoatedparticles.Thus, theparticlesbeforetreatmentmaybefree?oWing,Whileafter35 coating are not free ?oWing, but tend to clump, aggregate or agglomerate. In cases, Where the composition isused to coat surfaces of a geological formation, a synthetic metal oxide structure and/or metal-oxide containing particles, the par ticlesWillnotonlytendtoaggregatetogether,theparticles40 also Will tend to cling to the coated formation or structural surfaces. SurfaceAcidifyingandModifyingCompositions Embodiments ofthepresentinventionprovidesasubstrate includingametaloxide-containingsolidsurfacetreatedWith 45 a treating composition, Which imparts to the surface improvedaggregatingpropertiesorimprovedparticulate adherence or a?inity properties, Where the composition includes at least an acidifying agent and a surface modifying agent.ThesubstratesareideallysuitedforuseindoWnhole 50 aplications. Embodiments of the present invention provides a compo sition including: (1) a particulate metal oxide-containing solid surface acidifying agent; and (2) a particulate metal oxide-containing solid surface modifying agent. Other 55 embodimentsofthepresentinventionprovidesacomposition including: (1) a particulate metal oxide-containing solid sur face acidifying agent; (2) a particulate metal oxide-contain ing solid surface modifying agent; and (3) a ?uid carrier. Otherembodimentsofthepresentinventionprovidesacom 60 position including: (l) a particulate metal oxide-containing solid surface acidifying agent; (2) a particulate metal oxide containingsolidsurfacemodifyingagent;(3)anaggregation enhancingagent;and(4)?uidcarrier.Otherembodimentsof thepresentinventionprovidesacompositionincluding:(1)a 65 particulate metal oxide-containing solid surface acidifying agent; (2) a particulate metal oxide-containing solid surface modifying agent; (3) an aggregation enhancing agent; (4) a thickening agent; and (5) a ?uid carrier. Other embodiments ofthepresentinventionprovidesacompositionincluding:(1) aparticulatemetaloxide-containingsolidsurfaceacidifying agent; (2) a particulate metal oxide-containing solid surface modifyingagent;and(3)aparticulatemetaloxide-containing solid surface exchange agent. Other embodiments of the presentinventionalsoprovidesacompositionincluding:(1) aparticulatemetaloxide-containingsolidsurfaceacidifying agent; (2) a particulate metal oxide-containing solid surface modifying agent; (3) a particulate metal oxide-containing solid surface exchange agent; and (4) a ?uid carrier. Other embodiments ofthepresentinventionalsoprovidesacom position including: (l) a particulate metal oxide-containing solidsurfaceacidifyingagent;(2)aparticulatemetaloxide containing solid surface modifying agent; (3) a particulate metaloxide-containingsolidsurfaceexchangeagent;and(4) an aggregation enhancing agent. Other embodiments of the presentinventionalsoprovidesacompositionincluding:(1) aparticulatemetaloxide-containingsolidsurfaceacidifying agent; (2) a particulate metal oxide-containing solid surface modifying agent; (3) a particulate metal oxide-containing solid surface exchange agent; (4) an aggregation enhancing agent; and (5) a ?uid carrier. Other embodiments of the presentinventionalsoprovidesacompositionincluding:(1) aparticulatemetaloxide-containingsolidsurfaceacidifying agent; (2) a particulate metal oxide-containing solid surface modifying agent; (3) a particulate metal oxide-containing solid surface exchange agent; (4) an aggregation enhancing agent;and(5)athickeningagent.Otherembodimentsofthe presentinventionalsoprovidesacompositionincluding:(1) aparticulatemetaloxide-containingsolidsurfaceacidifying agent; (2) a particulate metal oxide-containing solid surface modifying agent; (3) a particulate metal oxide-containing solidsurfaceexchangeagent;(4)anaggregationenhancing agent; (5) a thickening agent; and (6) a ?uid carrier. Other embodiments of the present invention provides an aqueous compositionincluding:(1)aparticulatemetaloxide-contain ing solid surface acidifying agent; (2) a particulate metal oxide-containingsolidsurfacemodifyingagent;and(3)a particulate metal oxide-containing solid surface exchange agent. Other embodiments of the present invention also pro vides an aqueous composition including: (1) a particulate metal oxide-containing solid surface acidifying agent; (2) a particulatemetaloxide-containingsolidsurfacemodifying agent; (3) a particulate metal oxide-containing solid surface exchangeagent;and(4)anaqueouscarrier.Otherembodi ments ofthe present invention also provides an aqueous com position including: (l) a particulate metal oxide-containing solidsurfaceacidifyingagent;(2)aparticulatemetaloxide containing solid surface modifying agent; (3) a particulate metal oxide-containing solid surface exchange agent; (4) an aggregation enhancing agent; and (5) an aqueous carrier. Other embodiments of the present invention also provides an aqueouscompositionincluding:(1)aparticulatemetaloxide containing solid surface acidifying agent; (2) a particulate metal oxide-containing solid surface modifying agent; (3) a particulate metal oxide-containing solid surface exchange agent;(4)anaggregationenhancingagent;and(5)athicken ingagent;and(6)anaqueouscarrier. GeneralPrinciplesofConsolidation Chemical consolidation is a formation treatment that con verts a Weakly consolidated, semi consolidated or unconsoli dated formation into a consolidated formation. The treatment isgenerallyinjectedintotheformationunderpressuresso thattheconsolidationchemicalcompositioninvadesthefor mation,coatingformationparticles(e.g.,sand)andalloWingPDF Image | PROCESS AND SYSTEM FOR CREATING ENHANCED CAVITATION
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