PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 017
11 Exemplary examples of sulfonic acid type acidifying agentsinclude,Withoutlimitation,alkysu?onicacids,aryl sulfonicacids,alkarylsulfonicacids,aralkylsulfonicacids,or mixture or combinations thereof. Exemplaryexamplesofalkylsulfonicacidshaving betWeen about betWeen about 1 and 16 carbon atoms and the requiredhydrogenatomstosatisfythevalenceandWhereone or more of the carbon atoms can be replaced by one or more hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of boron, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur or mixture or combina tions thereof and Where one or more of the hydrogen atoms can be replaced by one or more single valence atoms selected from the group consisting of ?uorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine or mixtures or combinations thereof, or mixture or combinationsthereof.Exemplaryexamplesofalkylsulfonic acidsinclude,Withoutlimitation,methylsulfonicacid,ethyl sulfonic acid, 2-hydroxyethylsulfonic acid (OHi CH2CH2iSO3H), propylsulfonicacid(alisomers),butyl sulfonicacid(alisomers),pentylsulfonicacid(alisomers), hexylsulfonicacid(alisomers),heptylsulfonicacid(aliso mers),octylsulfonicacid(alisomers),nonylsulfonicacid(al isomers),decylsulfonicacid(alisomers),undecylsulfonic acid (alisomers), dodecylsulfonic acid (alisomers), C13 sulfonicacid(alisomers),C14 sulfonicacid(alisomers), C15sulfonicacid(alisomers),C16sulfonicacid(aliso mers), or mixture or combinations thereof. Exemplaryexamplesarylsulfonicacidsinclude,Without limitation,benZenesulfonicacid,naphthalenesulfonicacid, or mixture or combinations thereof. Exemplaryexamplesalkarylsulfonicacidsinclude,With out limitation, methylbenZene sulfonic acid, ethylbenZene sulfonic acid, propylbenzene sulfonic acid, pentylbenzene sulfonicacid,hexylbenZenesulfonicacid,heptylbenZenesul fonic acid, octylbenZene sulfonic acid, nonylbenZene sul fonicacid,decylbenZenesulfonicacid,undecylbenZenesul fonic acid, dodecylbenZene sulfonic acid, tridecylbenZene sulfonicacid,diandtri-alkylsubstitutedanalogsormixture or combinations thereof. 20 25 30 35 12 boron, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur or mixture or combinations thereofand Where one or more ofthe hydrogen atoms can be replaced by one or more single valence atoms selectedfromthegroupconsistingof?uorine,chlorine,bro mine,iodineormixturesorcombinationsthereofandZ-is OH‘, OR‘, F‘, Cl‘, Br‘, 1‘, H804‘, H2PO4_, H803‘, H2PO3_, or similar counterions or mixtures or combinations thereof, Where R a carbyl group having betWeen about betWeenabout1and40carbonatomsandtherequiredhydro gen atoms to satisfythe valence and Where one ormore ofthe carbon atoms can be replaced by one or more hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of boron, nitrogen, oxy gen, phosphorus, sulfur or mixture or combinations thereof and Where one or more ofthe hydrogen atoms can be replaced by one or more single valence atoms selected from the group consisting of ?uorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine or mixtures or combinations thereof. Exemplary examples of phosphonium salts useful in this inventioninclude,Withoutlimitation,phosphoniumsaltshav ingthegeneralformulaR1R2R3R4P+Z_,WhereR1,R2,R3, andR4areindependentlyahydrogenatom,analkylgroup,an arylgroup,anaralkylgroup,oranalkarylgrouphaving betWeen about betWeen about 1 and 40 carbon atoms and the requiredhydrogenatomstosatisfythevalenceandWhereone ormoreofthecarbonatomscanbereplacedbyoneormore hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of boron, nitrogen,oxygen,phosphorus,sulfurormixtureorcombina tions thereof and Where one or more of the hydrogen atoms can be replaced by one or more single valence atoms selected fromthegroupconsistingof?uorine,chlorine,bromine, iodine or mixtures or combinations thereof and Z“ is OH“, OR“, F“, Cl“, Br“, 1', H804“, H2PO4', HSO3', H2PO3', or similar counterions or mixtures or combinations thereof, WhereR acarbylgrouphavingbetWeenaboutbetWeenabout 1and40carbonatomsandtherequiredhydrogenatomsto satisfythevalence and Where one ormore ofthe carbon atoms can be replacedby one ormore hetero atoms selectedfrom the group consisting of boron, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur or mixture or combinations thereof and Where one or moreofthehydrogenatomscanbereplacedbyoneormore single valence atoms selected from the group consisting of ?uorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine or mixtures or combina tionsthereof. Consolidation compositions include, Without limitation, thermosetting resins, thermoplastic resins, thermoplastic elastomers,otherthermallyorchemicallycross-linkableres ins or polymers, or mixtures or combinations thereof. Thermosetting resins change irreversibly under the in?u enceofheatfromafusibleandsolublematerialintoan infusible and insoluble due to the formation of a covalently cross-linked,thermallystablenetwork.Thermosettingpoly mers comprise relatively loW molecular chains (MW<<10000). After curing or crosslinking, the chains are chemicallylinkedtogetherintoanetworkthatgenerallycon stitutesassinglemacro-molecularassembly.Thesechemical bonds or cross-links can be covalent bonds, ionic bonds, hydrogenbonds,and/orelectrostaticinteractions.Allsuch bondsaresubjecttobreakdoWn duetotheapplicationofheat orduetochemicalinteractionsorreactions.HoWever,break doWn conditions are generally severe because bond breaking is necessary. Exemplary thermosetting resins include, With out limitation phenolic resins (reaction products of formal dehydeandaphenoliccompound),aminoresins(reactionof formaldehydeWithureaormelamine),polyesterresins, epoxy resins, vinyl ester resins, polyurethane resins, alkyl resins or mixtures or combinations thereof. Thermosetting Exemplary examples aralkylsulfonic acids include, With outlimitation,phenylmethylsulfonicacid,phenylethylsul 40 fonicacid,otherphenylatedalkylsulfonicacidsormixtureor combinations thereof. Suitablesurfacemodifyingagentsinclude,Withoutlimita tion,primary,secondaryortertiaryamines,primary,second ConsolidationCompositions ary, or tertiary phosphines, or mixtures or combinations 45 thereof. Preferred amines include, Without limitation, pri mary amines having betWeen about betWeen about 1 and 40 carbon atoms and the required hydrogen atoms to satisfy the valence and Where one or more of the carbon atoms can be replacedbyoneormoreheteroatomsselectedfromthegroup50 consisting of boron, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur or mixture orcombinations thereofand Where one ormore ofthe hydrogen atoms can be replaced by one or more single valence atoms selected from the group consisting of ?uorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine or mixtures or combinations 55 thereof, or mixture or combinations thereof. Suitableexchangeagentsinclude,Withoutlimitation,any phasetransferagent.Exemplaryexamplesofexchange agents useful in this invention include, Without limitation, ammoniumsaltshavingthegeneralformulaRIR2R3R4N_Z_, 60 phosphoniumsaltshavingthegeneralformulaRIRZR3R41’+ Z“, or mixtures or combinations thereof, Where R1, R2, R3, and R4 are independently a hydrogen atom or a carbyl group having betWeen about betWeen about 1 and 40 carbon atoms andtherequiredhydrogenatomstosatisfythevalenceand65 Where one ormore ofthe carbon atoms can be replaced by one or more hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of US 8,011,431 B2PDF Image | PROCESS AND SYSTEM FOR CREATING ENHANCED CAVITATION
PDF Search Title:
PROCESS AND SYSTEM FOR CREATING ENHANCED CAVITATIONOriginal File Name Searched:
US8011431.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |