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US 8,105,480B2 56 oil and organic material then is passed to and subjected to cavitationinthecavitationZone. Itistobe understood, hoW ever,thatthescopeofthepresentinventionisnottobelimited by such an embodiment. In a non-limiting embodiment, the organic material induces selective molecular interactions that change the molecular environment of the asphaltenes, such as, for example, through Van der Waals forces, dispersion forces, anddipole-dipoleinteractions,therebyinducingchangesin Inanothernon-limitingembodiment,theheavyoilandthe themicellarstructureandfacilitatingthesubsequentsepara tion of asphaltenes from the heavy oil. In one embodiment, the organic material interacts or associates With one or more ofthecomponentsoftheheavyoil,butdoesnotinteractWith theasphaltenes.Inanotherembodiment,theorganicmaterial interacts With or associates With the asphaltenes. As noted hereinabove, the organic material is a material that is not a heavy oil and is a liquid at standard temperature and pressure. Inyetanothernon-limitingembodiment,theorganicmate rial is an organic solvent. Examples of organic materials Which may be employed Within the scope of the present invention include, but are not limitedto,pentane,lique?edpetroleumgases(LPGs),alco hols,suchasmethanolandethanol,forexample,andethers, 20 such as, for example, alkyl ethers such as dimethyl ether and diethylether,andmixturesthereof. In a non-limiting embodiment, the organic material is heated to a temperature of from about 75° C. to about 800° C. Inanothernon-limitingembodiment,theorganicmaterialis25 heated to a temperature of from about 150° C. to about 800° C. In another embodiment, the organic material is heated to a temperature of from about 300° C. to about 800° C. In yet another embodiment, the organic material isheated to a tem peratureoffromabout300°C.toabout600°C.Instil30 another embodiment, the organic material isheated to a tem perature of from about 3000 C. to about 4000 C. In a non-limiting embodiment, the organic material is presentinthemixtureofheavyoilandorganicmaterialinan amountoffromabout5vol.% toabout25vol.% ofthe 35 volume of heavy oil. In another embodiment, the organic materialispresentinanamountoffromabout5vol.% to about10vol.% ofthevolumeoftheheavyoil. Inanothernon-limitingembodiment,theheatedheavyoil entersamixingZone,ormixingchamberasaresultofpump 40 ing the heated oil through a ?rst conduit, and the heated organic material enters the mixing chamber as a result of pumping the heated organic material through a second con duit.Inoneembodiment,the?rstconduit,throughWhichthe heavyoilentersthemixingZone,terminatesatanatomiZation 45 noZZle, Whereby the heavy oil is atomiZed as it enters the mixing Zone or mixing chamber. In one embodiment, the atomiZationnoZZlehasashapeWhichfacilitatestheatomiZa tion of the heavy oil, such as, for example, a conical shape. Thus,theheavyoilentersthemixingZoneormixingchamber 50 asasprayormistofliquiddroplets.Thepresenceoftheheavy oilintheformofliquiddropletsincreasesthesurfaceareaof theheavyoilandprovidesforbettermixingoftheheavyoil andtheorganicmaterial. Inonenon-limitingembodiment,theorganicmaterial55 entersthemixingZoneinadirectionofHow Whichineffectis tangentialtothedirectionofHow oftheheavyoilthroughthe mixing Zone. More particularly, the organic material enters the mixing Zone through a conduit as hereinabove described suchthatWhentheorganicmaterialentersthemixingZone,60 theorganicmaterialmoves alongtheWallofthemixingZone in a circular or vortexing motion. The heavy oil, Which enters the mixing Zone through an atomiZation noZZle as herein above described contacts and becomes admixed With the vor texingorganicmaterial.Suchvortexingoftheheavyoiland 65 organic material facilitates optimal mixing of the organic materialandtheheavyoil.Thevortexedmixtureoftheheavy organic material are mixed in a conduit, and then the mixture ofheavyoilandtheorganicmaterialaresubjectedtofurther mixinginastaticmixer.Inthestaticmixer,thestreaminclud ingthemixtureofheavyoilandorganicmaterialisdivided, and the divided streams are forced to opposite outside Walls, therebycausingasingledirectionmixingvortexaxialtothe center line of the static mixer. The mixing vortex then is sheared,andadivisionofthestreamofheavyoilandorganic material reoccurs With the opposite directional rotation. In a non-limiting embodiment, the mixing Zone or mixing chamber is con?gured such that the mixing Zone or mixing chamber facilitates the mixing of the heavy oil and organic material to provide an essentially uniform mixture of the heavy oil and organic material. In one non-limiting embodi ment,themixingZoneormixingchamberhasacylindrical con?guration.Inonenon-limitingembodiment,thecylinder has a length to diameter ratio of from about 1 to about 36. In anothernon-limitingembodiment,thecylinderhasalengthto diameterratioofabout4.Inyetanothernon-limitingembodi ment,thecylinderhasalengthtodiameterratioofabout2.It is to be understood, hoWever, that the scope of the present invention is not to be limited to any speci?c con?guration of the mixing Zone or mixing chamber. The organic material and heavy oil, in a non-limiting embodiment,aremixedinthemixingZoneormixingcham ber for a period of time su?icient to provide an essentially uniform mixture of the heavy oil and organic material, yet suchmixtureofheavyoilandorganicmaterialisnotretained in the mixing Zone for a prolonged period of time such that undesiredthermalcrackingoccurs. In a non-limiting embodiment, the organic material and heavy oil are mixed in the mixing Zone for a period of time Which does not exceed 10 seconds. In another embodiment, the organic material and heavy oil are mixed in the mixing Zoneforaperiodoftimeoffromabout1secondtoabout10 seconds. The organic material induces selective molecular interac tionsthatcontributeinchangingthemolecularenvironment oftheasphaltenesthroughsolvation. After the heavy oil and organic material are mixed in the mixingZoneormixingchamber,themixtureofheavyoiland organic material exits the mixing Zone or mixing chamber, and enters the cavitation Zone, in Which the heavy oil is subjected to cavitation as hereinabove described. In a non-limiting embodiment, When the heavy oil is sub jectedtohydrodynamic cavitation,theheavy oilispassed fromthemixingZonetothecavitationZone,Whichisarestric tion such as a capillary or noZZle, in Which cavitation occurs. TheWidthofthecavitationZoneislessthanthatofthemixing Zone.Inanon-limitingembodiment,theratiooftheWidthof the cavitation Zone to the Width of the mixing Zone is from about l/230 to about l/75. Thus, the mixture of heavy oil and organic material is passed from the mixing Zone through the restriction or cavi tationZonetoincreasethevelocityofthemixture,and Whereby the mixture is subjected to a pressure drop. As a result, in the cavitation Zone microbubbles are dispersed in theliquidportionofthemixture.Suchmicrobubblesinitially expand, and then they implode or collapse, thus effecting cavitationoftheheavyoil. TheresultingheavyoilproductWhichisreleasedfromthe cavitationZoneisadestructuredheavyoilthat,uponcooling,PDF Image | PROCESS FOR TREATING HEAVY OILS
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