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US 8,105,480B2 78 has different micellar arrangements (re?ected by a loWer viscosity) than those of the heavy oil prior to being mixed With the organic material and subjected to cavitation as described hereinabove. Although the scope of the present invention is not intended to be limited to any theoretical reasoning,thecavitationoftheheavyoil,Whichistheresult ofmicrobubblesintheheavyoil,raisesthetemperatureofthe interfaceofthemicrobubbles,therebyfacilitatingfreeradical formation and chemical reaction. Also the organic material induces selective molecular interaction that change the molecularenvironmentoftheasphaltenes.Inaddition,ifthe temperature is raised during the treatment, some incipient crackingmay occur,Whichresultsinthereleaseofsaturated hydrocarbon alkyl chains present in the initial asphaltenes Which thus Will become easier to separate from the oil. The presentinventionthusenablesthedestructuringofaheavyoil byaddingasmallamountoforganicmaterialandbysubject ingtheheavyoiltocavitation,asopposedtosupplyingexces siveamountsofcompressedgas.Thegasisreplacedbya20 smallamountofanorganicmaterialWhichiscapableofbeing atleastpartiallyvaporiZed. After the mixture of heavy oil and organic material has been subjected to cavitation in the cavitation Zone as herein abovedescribed,themixtureisreleasedfromthecavitation25 Zone and is cooled to a desired temperature, such as, for example,inanon-limitingembodiment,bypassingthemix ture to an expansion Zone or chamber or a ?ash chamber and the gas is separated partially or totally from the liquid. Althoughthecomponentsandthe“distillationcurve”ofthe30 resulting destructured heavy oil approximate those of the heavyoilpriortodestructuring,thedestructuredheavyoil produced in accordance With the present invention has a reducedviscosity,areducedspeci?cgravity,andcanbefrac tionatedmoreeasilythanuntreatedheavyoil,i.e.,theasphalt 35 enesmay be separatedfromthemaltenesmore easily,suchas byprecipitation,absorption,ormicro?ltration. The present invention thus provides a destructured heavy oil that is more pumpable or transportable, and thus can be transportedmoreeasilyforfurtherprocessing,andcanbe 40 fractionated With less severity than in its original state. For example, the destructured heavy oil may be subjected to deasphalting,Wherebytheasphaltenesareseparatedfromthe heavyoil,andtoprovideanupgradedde-asphaltedoilWhich maybesubjectedtofurtherre?ningorprocessing.Alterna 45 tively,theheavyoilmay bedistilledintovariousfractions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS TheinventionnoWWillbedescribedWithrespecttothe 50 draWings,Wherein: FIG. 1 is an exploded vieW of an embodiment of an appa ratus for effecting the destructuring of a heavy oil in accor danceWiththepresentinvention; FIG.2isacross-sectionalvieWoftheapparatusshoWing 55 themixingZone,thecavitationZone,andtheexpansionZone; FIG.3isacross-sectionalvieWofthemixingZoneshoWing the conduits Which introduce the heavy oil and solvent to the mixingchamber;and FIG.4isaschematicofanotherembodimentforeffecting 60 thedestructuringofaheavyoilinaccordanceWiththepresent invention. ReferringnoW tothedraWings,anapparatus10fortreating or destructuring a heavy oil in accordance With the present inventionincludesacylindricalmixingchamber12,anoZZle 65 or capillary 16 in Which cavitation occurs, and an expansion chamber 18. The mixing chamber 12 is surrounded by metal jacketing15,thenoZZleorcapillary16issurroundedbymetal jacketing17,andtheexpansionchamber18issurroundedby metaljacketing19. Metal jacketing 15 includes a recess 21, and metal jacket ing 19 includes a recess 22. Recess 21 and recess 22 surround orenclosemetaljacketing17surroundingnoZZleorcapillary 16. Metal jacketing 15 and metal jacketing 19 are fastened to each other With fastening means such as bolts, screWs, or doWels(notshoWn),therebyenclosingmetaljacketing17in recesses 21 and 22, and ensuring that the noZZle or capillary 16 is disposed betWeen mixing chamber 12 and expansion chamber 18. Preheated heavy oil enters mixing chamber 12 through conduit11,WhichterminatesinaconicalatomiZationnoZZle 13,Wherebytheheavyoilentersthemixingchamber12inthe form of droplets. The preheated organic material, such as an organic solvent, enters the mixing Zone 12 through conduit 14. The preheated organic solvent enters mixing chamber 12 fromconduit14suchthatitmovesalongthecylindricalWall ofmixing chamber 12 inacircularorvortexingmotion. The droplets of heavy oil, Which entered mixing chamber 12 through atomiZation noZZle 13, contact the organic solvent alongthecylindricalWallofthemixingchamber12,Whereby theresultingmixtureofheavyoilandorganicsolventis passed through mixing chamber 12 as a vortexed mixture of heavy oil and solvent, and into noZZle or capillary 16. As noted hereinabove, the mixture of heavy oil and solvent is passed through noZZle or capillary 16 at a velocity of from about100m/sectoabout300m/sec,andissubjectedtoa pressure drop offrom about 150 psig to about 5,000 psig.As themixtureofheavyoilandsolventpassesthroughnozzleor capillary16,theheavyoilissubjectedtohydrodynamiccavi tation as hereinabove described. The mixture of heavy oil and solvent then exits the noZZle or capillary 16 and enters expansion chamber 18, Wherein cooling of the heavy oil occurs. The resulting destructured heavy oil then exits the expansion chamber 18 through pipe 20.The destructuredheavy oilthenistransportedtoadesired location,and/orsubjectedtofurtherprocessing,suchas,for example, deasphalting and/or distillation or fractionation. In another embodiment, as shoWn in FIG. 4, heavy oil in line101 ispassedthroughpump 102 intoline103.An organic material, such as an organic solvent or diluent, in line 104, is passedthroughpump106intoline114.Theorganicsolvent or diluent in line 114 is mixed With the heavy oil from line 103, and the mixture of heavy oil and organic solvent or diluent is passed through line 107. The mixture of heavy oil and organic solvent or diluent is heated by passing the mix turethroughheatexchanger108,Wherebythemixtureof heavyoilandorganicsolventordiluentisheatedbypassing a heated destructured heavy oil from line 120 through heat exchanger 108, Whereby the mixture of untreated heavy oil and organic solvent or diluent is heated and the destructured heavyoiliscooled.Theheatedmixtureofheavyoiland organicsolventordiluentthenispassedthroughline109into heatexchanger122,Wherebythemixtureofuntreatedheavy oilandorganicsolventordiluentissubjectedtofurtherheat ing.Themixtureofheavyoilandorganicsolventordiluentis heatedbypassingaheatedgas,suchas,forexample,aheated mixture of air and natural gas, through heat exchanger 122, Wherebythemixtureofuntreatedheavyoilandorganicsol vent or diluent is subjected to further heating. The heated mixture of heavy oil and organic solvent or diluentthenispassedintoline111,andintostaticmixer112. Instaticmixer112,thestreamofthemixtureofheavyoiland organicsolventordiluentisdivided,andthedividedstreamsPDF Image | PROCESS FOR TREATING HEAVY OILS
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