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US 8,105,480B2 9 10 areforcedtooppositeoutsideWalls,therebycausingasingle direction mixing vortex axial to the center line of the static mixer112.Themixingvortexthenissheared,anddivisionof the stream of heavy oil and organic solvent or diluent re occurs,Withtheoppositedirectionalrotation.An exampleof suchastaticmixerisaStratosTube Mixer, Series250, soldby Ko?o Corporation,ofCary,1. After the heavy oil and organic solvent or diluent are sub jectedtomixinginstaticmixer112,themixtureofheavyoil and organic solvent or diluent is passed through line 113 and intothecavitationZone116,Wherebythemixtureofheavyoil andorganicsolventordiluentissubjectedtocavitation.Cavi tation Zone 116 includes a cavitation noZZle or capillary (not shoWn)surroundedbymetaljacketing.Themixtureofheavy oilandorganicsolventordiluentispassedthroughthenoZZle 5 or capillary of the cavitation Zone 116 at a velocity of from about 100 m/sec to about 300 m/sec, and is subjected to a pressure drop of from about 150 psig to about 5,000 psig. As themixtureofheavyoilandsolventordiluentpassesthrough thenoZZleorcapillaryofthecavitationZone116,theheavy 20 oilissubjectedtohydrodynamic cavitation. The mixture of heavy oil and organic solvent or diluent then exits the cavitation Zone 116 and enters expansion cham ber 118, Wherein cooling of the heavy oil occurs. The result ingdestructuredheavyoilthenexitsexpansionchamber118 25 throughpipe120.Thedestructuredheavyoilthenentersheat exchanger108,Wherebyheatistransferredfromthedestruc tured heavy oil to the mixture of untreated heavy oil and solvent or diluent entering heat exchanger 108 from line 107. Thecooleddestructuredheavyoilexitsheatexchanger108 30 through line 121, and enters air cooler 124, Whereby the destructured heavy oil is subjected to further cooling. The heavy oil exits air cooler 124 through line 123, and is sub jectedtofurtherprocessing,suchas,forexample,deasphalt ing and/or distillation or fractionation. 35 EXAMPLES The invention noW Will be described With respect to the folloWingexamples;hoWever,thescopeofthepresentinven tion is not intended to be limited thereby. Example 1 A Lloydminsterheavyoil,havinganAPlgravityof120°, aspeci?cgravityof0.986(densityof0.986g/cm3),anda45 kinematicviscosityof34,805cStat15°C.,of2,795cStat40° C., and of 636 cSt at 60° C., Was heated to 400° C. and pumpedthroughapipehavingadiameterof1Ainchandthen throughaconicalatomizationnoZZlehavingadiameteratthe tipof0.03inchintoamixingchamberhavingalengthof3 50 inches and a diameter of 1.5 inches. Pentane solvent Was heatedtoatemperatureof400°C.andpumpedthroughapipe havingadiameterof0.203inchintothemixingchamberinan amountof9vol.% ofthevolumeoftheheavyoil.Theheavy oilandpentaneWeremixedinthemixingchamberfor10 55 seconds. The mixture of heavy oil and pentane then Was passedfromthemixingchamberthroughacavitationnoZZle. The velocity in the noZZle Was about 118 m/ sec. The cavita tionnoZZlehadalengthof1inchandadiameterof0.008inch. Thedifferentialpressure,orpressuredrop,acrossthenoZZle 60 Was about 410 psig. The mixture of heavy oil and pentane then entered an expansion chamber having a length of 2.25 inches and a diameter of 1.5 inches. The resulting treated oil had an API gravity of 181°, a speci?cgravityof0.945(densityof0.945g/cm3),akinematic 65 viscosity of710 cSt at 15° C., of 183 cSt at 40° C., and of 67 cSt at 60° C. Example2 The Lloydminster heavy oil of Example 1 Was treated undertheconditionsdescribedinExample 1exceptthatthe heavy oil Was heated to 380° C., pentane Was added to the heavyoilinanamountof15vol.% ofthevolumeofheavyoil, andthemixtureofheavyoilandpentaneWaspassedthrough the cavitation noZZle at a velocity in the noZZle of about 120 m/sec and a pressure drop of about 450 psig. The resulting treated oil had an API gravity of 206°, a speci?c gravity of 0.930 (density of 0.930 g/cm3), and a kinematic viscosity of610 cSt at 15° C., of 104 cSt at 40° C., and of 44 cSt at 60° C. Example3 The Lloydminster heavy oil of Example 1 Was treated undertheconditionsdescribedinExample 1exceptthateach of the heavy oil and pentane Were heated to 350° C., and the mixtureofheavyoilandpentaneWaspassedthroughthe cavitation noZZle at a velocity in the noZZle of about 168 m/sec, and subjected to a pressure drop of about 1,100 psig. The resulting treated oil had an API gravity of 212°, a speci?c gravity of 0.927 (density of 0.927 g/cm3), and a kinematicviscosityof109cStat15°C.,of35cStat40°C., and of 12 cSt at 60° C. Example4 A bitumenfromthecoldlakeregionofAlberta,havingan API gravity of 100°, a speci?c gravity of 0.996 (density of 0.996g/cm3),andadynamicviscosityof138,000cPat15°C. Was heated to 380° C. and pumped through a pipe having a diameter of 1A inch. Pentane solvent Was heated to a tempera tureof400°C.,andpumpedthroughapipehavingadiameter of 1/4 inch. The pentane solvent then Was mixed With the bitumen in a pipe having a diameter of 1A inch, in an amount of17vol% ofthevolumeofthebitumen.Themixtureof bitumen and pentane then Was mixed further in a static mixer (StratosTubeMixer,250Series,Ko?oCorporation,Cary, 1.)havingalengthof9inchesandadiameterof1Ainch.The bitumen and pentane Were mixed in the static mixer for 10 seconds. The mixture of bitumen and pentane then Was passedfromthemixingchamberthroughacavitationnoZZle. ThevelocityinthenoZZleWas203m/sec.Thecavitation noZZle had a length of 0.56 inch and a diameter of 0.007 inch. The differential pressure, or pressure drop, across the noZZle Was about 2,400 psig. The mixture of bitumen and pentane then entered an expansion chamber having a length of 2.25 inchesandadiameterof1.5inches. The resulting treated oil had an API gravity of 209°, a speci?c gravity of 0.928 (density of 0.928 g/cm3), and a dynamic viscosity of 300 cP at 15° C., or kinematic viscosity of323 cSt at 15° C. Example 5 A SmileyColevilleheavyoilhavinganAPIgravityof 142°,aspeci?cgravityof0.9703(densityof0.9703g/cm3), andadynamicviscosityof7,600cPat15°C.and7,190cPat 20° C. Was treated under the conditions described in Example 4hereinabove,exceptthateachoftheheavyoilandpentane Were heated to 200° C., the pentane Was added in amount of 13vol.% ofthevolumeoftheheavyoil,thevelocityofthe mixtureofpentaneandheavyoilinthecavitationnoZZleWas 186 m/ sec, and the pressure drop across the cavitation noZZle Was 2,000 psig. 40PDF Image | PROCESS FOR TREATING HEAVY OILS
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