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US 2011/0308967A1 Dec.22,2011 PUMP CAVITATION DEVICE CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION [0001] This application claims priority to provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/355,878, ?led Jun. 17, 2010. TECHNICAL FIELD [0002] Thisdisclosurerelatesingeneraltopumpsandin particular to a sacri?cial body that mitigates pitting and cor rosion due to cavitation. BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE [0003] Cavitationinpumpingdevicescausesearlyfailure of components due to erosion/corrosion and the resulting pitting.Thepittingcausesseveralproblems:leaksinsealing areas, loss of pressure integrity, or loss of pressure integrity duetosuddencatastrophicfailurefromacrackinthepressure chamberthatbeginsatacavitationcorrosionpitandrapidly propagatesthroughthepressurecontainingWallofthepump ingchamber.Cavitationusuallyinitiatesinpredictableplaces such as, but not limited to, near the edge of a sealing surface, areas Where there is a sudden drop in pressure that produces turbulent ?uid ?oW, or at microscopic discontinuities in the surfaceofthemetalgrainandcompositionproperties. [0004] CavitationoccursWhenthereisarapiddropinpres sureinareasofturbulence,particularlyatthebeginningofthe suctionstrokeonareciprocatingpump oronthetrailingedge of an impeller style centrifugal pump. Small air bubbles are formedandthecollapsingofthebubblescanreachboundary velocitieshighenoughtoerodethemetalaWay,causingpit ting. During the formation and collapse of these bubbles chemical changes also occur, due to the rapid phase change from a liquid to gas, and back from a gas to liquid Which propagatesthereleaseofhydrogenions.Thesehydrogenions haveacorrosiveeffectonthemolecularstructureofthemetal, causingsmallparticlesofthemetaltoseparateandenterinto the ?uid stream, contributing to further acceleration of the pitting process. These hydrogen ions cause the formation of hydrogenembrittlementcracks,Whichpropogateduringeach pumping stroke of a reciprocating pump. Eventually this crackingbeginstopenetrateintothepressurecontainingWall and rapidly results in a structural failure of the pressure ves sel. [0005] InapplicationsWherealotof?uidispumpedathigh velocities, the maintenance costs due to cavitation erosion/ corrosion can be a signi?cant part of the operating costs. Eliminatingcavitationisunrealisticduetothehighpressures andrapid?oW ratesneededinmany industries.An industry that experiences high costs of “expendables” is the Well ser vice frac industry. Due to governmental limitations on the Weight and the Width of vehicles that are alloWed highWay access, frac trucks used in the Well service frac industry are made aslightandassmallaspossibleWhilestilbeingableto achieve the pumping pressures and ?oW required. Designed to be as light as possible, the ?uid end and its internal com ponents of the pumps associated With such Well service equipment can Wear and fail quickly, due to erosion and corrosion. When pitting occurs in the pumping chamber of the?uidend,thestressesconcentrateinthepitWiththeresult thatcorrosioncrackingisinitiatedandresultsinthefailureof the ?uid end to hold pressure. Replacing of ?uid ends is one of the highest maintenance costs of the Well service frac business. Obtaining a longer lasting ?uid end and longer lastingvalves,seatsandpackingisanimportantobjectiveof thisindustry.Effortsarecommonly made toeitherreducethe cavitation or to select materials that are more resistant to cavitation erosion and corrosion. Valves, seats and packing are also destroyed quickly due to erosion and corrosion, Which are accelerated When cavitation occurs. SloWing the pump speed doWn can mitigate this problem, but due to the competitivenatureofthebusiness,andthedemandforhigher pressureoperations,thepumpsarerunathighspeeds,and cavitation is unavoidable at these speeds. [0006] Raisingthesuperchargepressuretotheinletofthe pump may reducescavitation.UsingaproperlysiZedsuction pulsation device can reduce cavitation. But With these solu tions implemented in the industry, and With cavitation ero sion/corrosion stil causing expensive maintenance issues, the demand continues for equipment that Will last longer so that operating costs can be further reduced. SUMMARY [0007] Ina?rstaspect,embodimentsaredisclosedofa method that reduces cavitation damage to a component Within a pump including mounting a sacri?cial body Within thepump andoperatingthepump topump ?uidataratethat causes at least some cavitation to occur on the component, Wherein the pumped ?uid ?oWs over the sacri?cial body to shed electrons into the ?oWing ?uid in the vicinity of the cavitation. Since the cavitation damage of a component hav ing a sacri?cial member is reduced as compared to compo nent not having a sacri?cial body, the sacri?cial member advantageously extends the Working life of the component beyond a component not having a sacri?cial body mounted therein. [0008] In certain embodiments, the sacri?cial body includes a material that is more easily corroded than the component Within a pump. [0009] Inyetotherembodiments,duringuse,theoperating step causes hydrogen ions to release from the component Within the pump, the release of Which is mitigated by the sheddingofelectronsfromthesacri?cialbody. [0010] In certain embodiments, the method includes attachingatleastoneneedletothesacri?cialbodytofacilitate thesheddingofelectronsfromthesacri?cialbody. [0011] Inotherembodiments,inusetheneedleispointing doWnstream. [0012] Incertainembodiments,theneedleisformedofa metalthatislesssubjecttocorrosionthanthesacri?cialbody. [0013] Incertainembodiments,themethodstepofmount inganupstreamportionofthesacri?cialbodyintothepump, providesasacri?cialbodyhavingapro?letoenhanceturbu lence of the ?uid ?oWing over the sacri?cial body. [0014] Incertainembodiments,thepumpispositioned suchthatnoportionofthepump isimmersedinthe?uidtobe pumpedbythepump. [0015] Incertainembodiments,thesacri?cialbodyis formed from one or more materials from the group compris ingZinc,aluminum,magnesiumoralloysthereof. [0016] In certain embodiments, the turbulence created from mounting the sacri?cial body in the component pro duces cavitation on a surface of the sacri?cial body rather than alloWing the cavitation bubbles to form on the compo nent. The amount ofpurposely created cavitationbubbles and the resulting deterioration of the sacri?cial body is related to the energy needed to overcome the energy consumed as a gasPDF Image | PUMP CAVITATION DEVICE
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