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US 2011/0308967A1 Dec.22,2011 With themetal ofthe sleeve 31 such thattheneedles 39 and the sleeve 31 serve to shed or emit electrons from the sleeve 31 into the ?uid ?owing past the needles 39. [0068] Asmentioned,thesleeve31mayhavepro?lesto enhance cavitation, causing the formation and collapse of bubbles Which, ifunchecked, can result in chemical changes ofthesteelcomponents,particularlythereleaseofhydrogen ions. Hydrogen ions have a corrosive effect on the molecular structureofthemetalofthe?uidendblock13,causingsmall particles of the metal to separate and enter the ?uid stream. This release of metal particles contributes to pitting. The release of negatively-charged electrons from the needles 39 mitigates the formation of hydrogen ions, Which are also negatively charged. Because of the cavitation, erosion and corrosion Will occur on the sleeve 31; hoWever, itis intended to be expendable. The sleeve 31 is not connected to any voltage potential, rather releases electrons as a result of the turbulent ?uid ?oWing over it. [0069] ReferringtoFIGS.3and4,inthissecondembodi ment,the?uidend41hasconventionaldischargeandsuction valves 43, 45 as in the ?rst embodiment. The ?uid end 41 has a chamber 47, and a plunger 49 extends inWard through a ?ange connector 51. In this embodiment, a disk 53 mounts to the inner end 57 ofthe plunger 49 to serve as a sacri?cial body. Referring to FIG. 4, a coaxial cylindrical recess 55 is formed in a plunger inner end 57. The disk 53 is secured Within the recess 55, such as by a retainer ring 59. Small, cylindrical cavities 61 are formed Within the face of the disk 53. Each of the cavities 61 has an open inner end exposed to chamber 47 (FIG.4),andaclosedbase.A needle63issecuredinmetal to-metal contact in the base of each of the cavities 61. In this example, the needles 63 do not protrude past the face of the disk53,ratherarefullyrecessed.A bypassport65extends from an outer diameter of the plunger 49 into one of the cavities 61. The intersection of the bypass port 65 With the cavity 61 is near the base of the cavity 61. Although only a singleoneofthebypassports65isshoWn,preferablyotherof the bypass ports 65 Will connect the other cavities 61 to the outerdiameteroftheplunger49. [0070] Astheplunger49strokesinWard,the?uidWill?oW intoeachofthecavities61,aroundoneoftheneedles63,then out one of the bypass ports 65 to the outer diameter of the plunger 49. The sWirling ?uid causes cavitation to occur as it ?oWs around the needles 63. The components of the needles 63andthedisk53maybethesamematerialsasinthe?rst embodiment to facilitate the shedding of electrons for the same purpose as discussed above. The ring 89 and the needles 91 may be formed of the same materials as the ?rst embodiment for emitting electrons. To facilitatethecavitationoccurringinthevicinityoftheneedles 91, a number of bypass ports 93 (only one shoWn) extend obliquely from the inner side of the ring 89. Each of the bypass ports 93 also extends to the valve body outer diameter 83.As thevalve 73 strokestoWard and aWay from the seat81, ?uid Will be forced through the bypass ports 93 and around the needles 91. Preferably one of the bypass ports 93 Will be locatedadjacenteachoftheneedles91. [0073] AnotherembodimentisillustratedinFIGS.7and8. A ?uid end 95 has the same general construction as in the other embodiments. The ?uid end 95 has a chamber 97, discharge and suction valves 99, 101 and a plunger 103. In this example, a sacri?cial body 105 is located near the base or loWer end ofthe suctionvalve 101. The sacri?cialbody 105 is a block of electron emitting material mounted to a curved support rod 107, Which may be bent into a desired position. The support rod 107 has an axially extending portion that positions the sacri?cial body 105 Within the seat ring 109. In thisexample,thesupportrod107isbentintoarightangleand has a mounting plug 111 on its outer end. The plug 111 secures to a ?ange port 113 that extends through a intake ?uid end 114. The plug 111 seals the ?ange port 113 to prevent ?uid from passing through the port 113. The sacri?cial body 105 is spaced from contact With any portion of the suction valve 101. [0074] AsshoWninFIG.8,thesacri?cialbody105hasone or more needles 115 that face upWard. The needles 115 are subjectedto?uid?oWbybypassports117extendingthrough the sacri?cial body 105. In this embodiment, at least tWo of the needles 115 are mounted to the sacri?cial body 105. A portionofthe?uid?oWingupWardtoWardthesuctionvalve 101 Willbe divertedthroughthebypass passages 117 to?oW around the needles 115. The sacri?cial body 105 is formed of a metal that is good at shedding electrons, as previously discussed.ElectronsWillinhibithydrogenionsbeingformed that could otherWise result in pitting of the body of the seat 109 and the valve 101. [0075] Atleastsomeoftheembodimentsfortherecipro catingpumps illustratedinFIGS. 1-8may becombinedWith others. For example, the embodiments dealing With pitting of the valves, shoWn in FIGS. 5-8, could be employed in con nection With one ofthe devices shoWn in FIGS. 1-4. Similarly, anarrangementtoavoidpittingofthevalvesmay be employed With the discharge valve in the same manner as employedWiththesuctionvalve. [0071] ReferringtoFIG.5,a?uidend67isconstructed [0076] ReferringtoFIG.9,adifferenttypeofpump119is generally as in the ?rst tWo embodiments. The ?uid end 67 has a chamber 69 and discharge and suctionvalves 71, 73.A plunger 75 extends into the chamber 69 from one side. Dis cussing the suction valve 73 in more detail, the body of the suction valve 73 has a seal 77 that may be of conventional design. The suction valve 73 isbiased by a spring 79 to force theseal77intosealingengagementWithaseat81.The seat81 isa cylindrical member having a sealing surface on itsinner edge or rim. Referring to FIG. 6, the body of the valve 73 has anouterdiameter83 andaninnerorupperend85.An annular recess 87 is formed at a junction of the inner end 85 and the outerdiameter83.A sacri?cialbodycomprisingaring89is mounted in the recess 87. The outer diameter of the ring 89 is ?ushWiththeouterdiameter83,andtheinnerendofthering 89 is ?ush With the valve body inner end 85. illustrated.Pump 119isacentrifugalpumphavingahousing 121 With an outlet 123. The inlet is not shoWn. One or more impellers 125 is mounted in the housing 121 and rotates relative to the housing 121. Each of the impellers 125 has a hub 127 about Which the impeller 125 isrotated via a shaft (notshoWn).Eachoftheimpellers125hasapluralityofvanes 129thatspiraloutWardfromthehub 127.The spacesbetWeen the vanes 129 include passages for ?uid that enters near the hub 127. The ?uid ?oWs outWard and discharges through the outlet123. [0077] Inthisembodiment,anumberofsacri?cialbodies 131 are mounted stationarily around the inner Wall of the housing 121. The sacri?cial bodies 131 include needles 135 that point generally in a doWnstream direction so that ?uid ?oWingpastWillcollectelectronstosuppresshydrogenions [0072] Thering89hasapluralityofneedles91(onlyone thatmightotherWiseoccurinthevicinityoftheinnerWallof shoWn) mounted to its face. The needles 91 extend inWard, parallel With an axis of the seat ring 81. The needles 91 protrude inWard past the inner end 85 of the suction valve 73. the housing 121. In this example, the sacri?cial body 131 has amountingportionshoWnontheexteriorofthehousing121. The mounting portion could be located Within the interior.PDF Image | PUMP CAVITATION DEVICE
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