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US 8,721,898B2 12 REACTOR TANK CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a continuation-in-part of Us. patent applicationSer.No. 12/399,481,entitled“EnhancedWater Treatment for Reclamation of Waste Fluids and Increased E?iciency Treatment of Potable Waters”, ?led Mar. 6, 2009 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,699,988, which isa continuation-in-part of Us. patent application Ser. No. 12/184,716, entitled “Enhanced Water Treatment forReclamation ofWaste Fluids andIncreasedEf?ciencyTreatmentofPotableWaters”,?led Aug. 1,2008 now U.S. Pat.No. 7,699,994, which inturnisa continuation-in-partofUs. ProvisionalPatentApplication No. 60/953,584, entitled “Enhanced Water Treatment for Reclamation ofWaste Fluids and Increased E?iciency Treat ment of Potable Water”, ?led Aug. 2, 2007, the contents of whichareherebyexpresslyincorporatedbyreference. FIELD OF THE INVENTION 20 Thedischargeofproducedwaterisunacceptableunless treated.Currentlyitisnecessarytoinducechemicalpolymers to ?occulate the slurry and further treat the volatile organic compounds (VOC’s) which are emitted as gases from certain solidsorliquids.TheVOC’s areknowntoincludeavarietyof chemicalssomeofwhichmay haveshortorlongtermadverse healtheffectsandisconsideredanunacceptableenvironmen taldischargecontaminant.Unfortunately,theuseofpolymers and a settling time is so expensive that it economically it becomes more conducive to treat the waste off-site which further adds to the cost of production by requiring off-site transport/treatment or shipped to a hazardous waste facility where no treatment isperformed. The applicants developed an Enhanced Water Treatment for Reclamation of Waste Fluids and Increased E?iciency Treatment of Potable Water which employed the use of a cavitation reactor cone. The instant invention is an improve ment upon the cavitation reactor cone which advances the developedprocessesofremovingheavymetals,oilsheens, cationsandorganicsatawellsitebutfurtherprovidesadevice capable of treating numerous other water related problems providing both an economic and environmental bene?t. Inadditiontherearemany gas?elds,mo stnotablyinNorth America,thatcontainenormousamountsofnaturalgas.This gasistrappedinshaleformationsthatrequirestimulatingthe well using a process known as fracturing or fracing. The fracing process uses large amounts of water and large amountsofparticulatefracingmaterial(fracsands)toenable extractionofthegasfromtheshaleformations.Afterthewell site has been stimulated the water pumped into the well dur ingthefracingprocessisremoved.Thewaterremovedfrom thewellisreferredtoas?owback?uidorfracwater.A typical fracing process uses from one to four million gallons ofwater tofracturetheformationsofasinglewell.Waterisanimpor tant natural resource that needs to be conserved wherever possible.One way toconservewateristocleanandrecycle this?owback orfracwater.The recyclingoffracwaterhasthe added bene?t of reducing waste product, namely the ?ow back?uid,whichwillneedtobeproperlydisposed.Onsite processing equipment, at the well, is the most cost effective and environmentally friendly way of recycling this natural resource. Ittakesapproximately4.5milliongallonsoffreshwaterto fractureahorizontalwell.Thiswatermaybeavailablefrom localstreamsandponds,orpurchasedfromamunicipalwater utility. This water must be trucked to the well site by tanker trucks, which carry roughly ?ve thousand gallons per trip. During?owbackoperations,approximately300tankertrucks are used to carry away more than one million gallons of ?owback water per well for offsite disposal. For a 3 well frac site these numbers will increase by a factor of three. Thepresentinventionprovidesacost-effectiveonsitecavi tation reactor cone that combines ozone, ultrasound and electo-precipitationinasinglevesselforenhancedwater treatment. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The instantinventionisdirectedtoanimprovedcavitation reactor cone that introduces high intensity acoustic energy andozoneintoaconditioningcontainertoprovideamechani cal separation of materials by addressing the non-covalent forces of particles or van der Waals force. The invention furtherdisclosesaradialentryforef?uenttoimprovebetter mixture with ozone with the ultrasound transducers used to provide the acoustic energy strategically located within the This invention related to the ?eld of ?uid treatment and, in particular, to an improved cavitation reactor cone for effec tivelydestroyingaerobicandanaerobicbacteriaandreducing25 bothsuspendedanddissolvedsolidstoaddressvariouswater treatments. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 30 The Applicant has worked extensively with some of the most foul waters imaginable. In many such instances the treatment of such ?uids can extremely expensive. For example,theglobaldirectcoststooilcompaniesfortreating waterusedinoilandgasrecoverysurpassed$20billionin 35 2007, with expenses skyrocketing in the following years. While the instant invention can be used on most any water thatiscontaminated,itisespeciallysuitedforwatercontami nated with aerobic or anaerobic bacteria, or waters that requirethereductionindissolvedorsuspendedsolids.Aero 40 bicbacteria,oftencalledaslimeformingbacteria,producesa polysaccharide bio?lm that often adheres to the shale and inhibitsthe?ow ofgasses.Anaerobicbacteriacanbeinclude anacidproducingbacteriasuchasAPB thatgrowsonmetal andsecretesacidproducingcorrosion,orSRB whichisa 45 sulfatereducingbacteriathatproduceshydrogensul?deand has the potential to create a dangerous situation and literally shut down a well. Theproducedwaterexamplewillhighlightamajorprob lem with contaminated water, produced waters are the 50 byproductassociatedwithoilandgasproductionandcontain both natural and manmade contaminants. The US Depart ment of Energy (DOE) has called produced water “by far the largest single volume byproduct or waste stream associated withoilandgasproduction.”TheDOEfurthertermsits55 treatment a serious environmental concern and a signi?cantly growing expense to oil and gas producers. While the instant cavitation reactor cone has a bene?cial use with most any water treatment problem, the produced water problem high lightstheeffectivenessofthesystem. In2007,theworld’soilandgas?eldsproduced80billion barrels of water needing processing. The average is now almost nine barrels of produced water for each barrel of oil extracted. And the ratio of water to hydrocarbons increases overtimeaswellsbecomeolder.Thatmeanslessoilorgas 65 and more contaminated water as we attempt to meet rising globalenergyneeds. 60PDF Image | REACTOR TANK
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