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US 8,563,788B2 34 substantially free of Water and entrainer, and a second vaporous overhead stream comprising butanol, entrainer,andWater; Wherein the extractant is selected such that it (A) preferentially extracts butanol over Water and (B) is separable from butanol bydistilation;and the entrainer is selected such that it (C) has a higher vapor pressure than butanol and (D) is separable from butanol by distillation. In embodiments, the isomer of butanol is isobutanol. In embodiments,thebutanolinthefeedisproducedbyfermen tation of a feedstock such as corn or sugar cane. In embodi ments, the feed further comprises ethanol and the second bottoms stream further comprises ethanol. In embodiments, there is a process to process heat exchange betWeen the feed introducedtothe?rstdistillationcolumnandthe?rstbottoms stream. In embodiments, the entrainer comprises pentane, hexane,hexene,cyclohexane,benZene,toluene,orxylene.In embodiments,theextractantcomprisesatleastonesolvent selectedfromthegroupconsistingofC7toC22fattyalcohols, C7toC22fattyacids,estersofC7toC22fattyacids,C7toC22 fattyaldehydes,C7toC22fattyamides,andmixturesthereof. In embodiments, the extractant comprises at least one solvent selectedfromthegroupconsistingofC12toC22fattyalco hols,Cl2toC22fattyacids,estersofCl2toC22fatyacids,Cl2 toC22fattyaldehydes,C12toC22fattyamides,andmixtures thereof.Inembodiments,theextractantcomprisesoleylalco hol. In embodiments, the isomer of butanol is l-butanol, 2-butanol,isobutanol,ormixturesthereof. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of a system useful for practicingtheprocessoftheinvention. FIG. 2 illustrates a process schematic diagram used in modeling example embodiments of the process of the inven tion. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 20 25 30 35 40 Whichproductbutanolisbeingmadebythereactionofsugars tobutanol,Waterandcarbondioxide(CO2)bythemicroor ganismspresent.Thefermentationbrothistheaqueousphase in biphasic fermentative extraction. From time to time, as used herein the term “fermentation medium” may be used synonymouslyWith“fermentationbrot ”. “Fermentation vessel” as used herein means the vessel in WhichthefermentationreactionbyWhichproductbutanolis made from sugarsiscarriedout.The term“fermentor”may be used synonymously herein With “fermentation vessel”. The term “effective titer” as used herein, refers to the total amount of butanol produced by fermentation per liter of fer mentation medium. The total amount ofbutanol includes: (i) theamount ofbutanolinthefermentationmedium; (i)the amountofbutanolrecoveredfromtheorganicextractant;and (i)the amount ofbutanol recovered from the gas phase, if gas stripping is used. Theterm“aqueousphasetiter”asusedherein,referstothe concentrationofbutanolinthefermentationbroth.Where indicated,thetermalsoreferstotheconcentrationofethanol inthefermentationbroth. “Stripping”asusedhereinmeans theactionoftransferring all or part of a volatile component from a liquid stream into a gaseousstream. “Stripping section” as used herein means that part of the contacting device in Which the stripping operation takes place. “Rectifying” as used herein means the action of transfer ringallorpartofacondensablecomponentfromagaseous stream into a liquid stream in order to separate and purify loWer boiling point components from higher boiling point components. “Rectifying section” as used herein means the section of thedistillationcolumnabovethefeedpoint,i.e.thetraysor packingmateriallocatedabovethepointinthecolumnWhere the feed stream enters, Where the rectifying operation takes place. The term “separation” as used herein is synonymous With “recovery” and refers to removing a chemical compound from an initial mixture to obtain the compound in greater purityoratahigherconcentrationthanthepurityorconcen trationofthecompound intheinitialmixture. The term “Water-immiscible” refers to a chemical compo nent,suchasanextractantorsolvent,Whichisincapableof mixing With an aqueous solution, such as a fermentation broth, in such a manner as to form one liquid phase. The term “extractant” as used herein refers to one or more organic solvents Which are used to extract butanol from a fermentationbroth. The term “entrainer” as used herein refers to a third organic component Which, When added to an aZeotrope formed by a binarymixture,eitherfacilitatesorimprovestheseparationof thecomponentsofthebinarymixtureintotWoliquidphases. The term “organic phase”, as used herein, refers to the non-aqueous phase of a biphasic mixture obtained by con tactingafermentationbrothWithaWater-immiscibleorganic extractant. The term “fatty acid” as used herein refers to a carboxylic acidhavingalong,aliphaticchainofC7toC22carbonatoms, Which is either saturated or unsaturated. The term “fatty alcohol” as used herein refers to an alcohol having a long, aliphatic chain of C7 to C22 carbon atoms, Which is either saturated or unsaturated. The term “fatty aldehyde” as used herein refers to an alde hydehavingalong,aliphaticchainofC7toC22carbonatoms, Which is either saturated or unsaturated. Applicants speci?cally incorporate the entire contents of all cited references in this disclosure. Further, When an amount, concentration, or other value or parameter is given as eitherarange,preferredrange,oralistofupperpreferable 45 valuesandloWerpreferablevalues,thisistobeunderstoodas speci?callydisclosingalrangesformedfromanypairofany upperrangelimitorpreferredvalueandanyloWerrangelimit or preferred value, regardless of Whether ranges are sepa ratelydisclosed.Wherearangeofnumericalvaluesisrecited herein, unless otherWise stated, the range is intended to includetheendpointsthereof,andalintegersandfractions Within the range. It is not intended that the scope of the inventionbelimitedtothespeci?cvaluesrecitedWhen de?n ing a range. The folloWing de?nitions are used in this disclosure: Butanol as used herein means l-butanol (l-BuOH), 2-bu tanol (2-BuOH), and/or isobutanol (iBuOH or I-BUOH), individually or as mixtures thereof. “InSituProductRemoval”asusedhereinmeanstheselec 60 tive removal of a speci?c fermentation product from a bio logical process such as fermentation to control the product concentrationinthebiologicalprocess. “Fermentation broth” as used herein means the mixture of Water,sugars,dissolvedsolids,suspendedsolids,microor 65 ganisms producing butanol, product butanol and al other constituentsofthematerialheldinthefermentationvesselin 50 55PDF Image | RECOVERY OF BUTANOL
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