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US 2011/0162954A1 Jul.7,2011 [0025] “InSituProductRemoval”asusedhereinmeansthe selective removal of a speci?c fermentation product from a biologicalprocesssuchasfermentationtocontroltheproduct concentrationinthebiologicalprocess. [0039] Theterm“fattyalcohol”asusedhereinreferstoan alcohol having a long, aliphatic chain of C7 to C22 carbon atoms, Which is either saturated or unsaturated. [0040] Theterm“fattyaldehyde”asusedhereinreferstoan aldehyde having a long, aliphatic chain of C7 to C22 carbon atoms, Which is either saturated or unsaturated. densed at an operating temperature of the process described herein. [0042] Butanol-containingextractantstreamsusefulasa feed in the processes of this invention include any organic phase obtained from an extractive fermentation Wherein butanol is produced as a fermentation product. Typical butanol-containing extractant streams include those pro ducedin“drygrin ”or“Wetmill”fermentationprocessesin Whichinsituproductremovalispracticedusingliquid-liquid extraction of the fermentation broth With an organic extract ant. After extraction, the extractant stream typically com prises butanol, Water, and the extractant. The extractant stream may optionally comprise a non-condensable gas, Which can be a gas that is inert or otherWise non-reactive With other feed components under the operating conditions of the present invention. Such gases can be selected from gases in the group consisting of, for example, carbon dioxide, nitro gen, hydrogen, Noble gases such as argon, or mixtures of any ofthese.The extractantstreammay optionallyfurthercom prisefermentationby-productshavingsu?icientsolubilityto partitionintotheextractantphase.Butanol-containingextrac tant streams useful as a feed in the processes of the invention include streams characterized by a butanol concentration in the feed from about 0.1 Weight percent to about 40 Weight percent,forexamplefromabout2Weightpercenttoabout40 Weight percent, for example from about 5 Weight percent to about 35 Weight percent, based on the Weight of the feed. Depending on the ef?ciency of the extraction, the aqueous phase titer of butanol in the fermentation broth can be, for example, from about 5 g/L to about 85 g/L, or from about 10 g/Ltoabout40g/L. [0026] “Fermentationbroth”asusedhereinmeansthemix ture of Water, sugars, dissolved solids, suspended solids, microorganismsproducingbutanol,productbutanolandal [0041] Non-condensablegasmeansagasthatisnotcon other constituents of the material held in the fermentation vesselinWhichproductbutanolisbeingmadebythereaction of sugars to butanol, Water and carbon dioxide (CO2) by the microorganisms present. The fermentation broth isthe aque ous phase in biphasic fermentative extraction. From time to time,asusedhereintheterm“fermentationmedium” may be usedsynonymouslyWith“fermentationbroth”. [0027] “Fermentationvessel”asusedhereinmeanstheves sel in Which the fermentation reaction by Which product butanol ismade from sugars iscarriedout.The term “fermen tor” may be used synonymously herein With “fermentation vessel”. [0028] The term “effective titer” as used herein, refers to thetotalamountofbutanolproducedbyfermentationperliter of fermentation medium. The total amount of butanol includes: (i) the amount of butanol in the fermentation medium; (i) the amount of butanol recovered from the organic extractant; and (i)the amount ofbutanol recovered fromthegasphase,ifgasstrippingisused. [0029] Theterm“aqueousphasetiter”asusedherein,refers to the concentration of butanol in the fermentation broth. [0030] “Stripping”asusedhereinmeanstheactionoftrans ferringallorpartofavolatilecomponentfromaliquidstream into a gaseous stream. [0031] “Strippingsection”asusedhereinmeansthatpartof thecontactingdeviceinWhichthestrippingoperationtakes place. [0032] “Rectifying”asusedhereinmeanstheactionof transferring all or part of a condensable component from a gaseous stream into a liquid stream in order to separate and purify loWer boiling point components from higher boiling pointcomponents. [0033] “Rectifyingsection”asusedhereinmeansthesec tion of the distillation column above the feed point, i.e. the trays or packing material located above the point in the col umn Wherethefeedstreamenters,Wheretherectifyingopera tiontakesplace. [0034] Theterm“separation”asusedhereinissynonymous With“recovery”andreferstoremovingachemicalcompound from an initial mixture to obtain the compound in greater purityoratahigherconcentrationthanthepurityorconcen trationofthecompound intheinitialmixture. [0035] Theterm“Water-immiscible”referstoachemical component, such as an extractant or solvent, Which is inca pable of mixing With an aqueous solution, such as a fermen tation broth, in such a manner as to form one liquid phase. [0036] Theterm“extractant”asusedhereinreferstooneor more organic solvents Which are used to extract butanol from a fermentation broth. [0037] Theterm“organicphase”,asusedherein,refersto the non-aqueous phase of a biphasic mixture obtained by contacting a fermentation broth With a Water-immiscible organicextractant. [0038] The term “fatty acid” as used herein refers to a carboxylic acid having a long, aliphatic chain of C7 to C22 carbon atoms, Which is either saturated or unsaturated. [0043] TheextractantisaWater-immiscibleorganicsolvent or solvent mixture having characteristics Which render ituse ful for the extraction of butanol from a fermentation broth. The extractant preferentially partitions butanol from the aqueous phase, for example by at least a 1.111 concentration ratio,suchthattheconcentrationofbutanolintheextractant phase is at least 1.1 times that in the aqueous phase When evaluated in a room-temperature extraction of an aqueous solution of butanol. Preferably, the extractant preferentially partitions butanol from the aqueous phase by at least a 2:1 concentrationratio,suchthattheconcentrationofbutanolin the extractant phase is at least tWo times that in the aqueous phaseWhen evaluatedinaroom-temperatureextractionofan aqueous solutionofbutanol. [0044] Tobeofpracticaluseinthebutanolrecoverypro cess, the extractant is separable from butanol by distillation, having a boiling point at atmospheric pressure Which is at leastabout30degreesCelsiushigherthanthatofthebutanol to be recovered, or for example at least about 40 degrees higher,orforexampleatleastabout50degreeshigher. [0045] The extractant comprises at least one solvent selectedfromthegroupconsistingofC7toC22fattyalcohols, C7toC22fattyacids,estersofC7toC22fattyacids,C7toC22 fattyaldehydes,C7toC22fattyamidesandmixturesthereof. Suitable organic extractants are further selected from the groupconsistingofoleylalcohol(CAS No. 143-28-2),behePDF Image | RECOVERY OFBUTANOL FROM A MIXTURE OF BUTANOL 2011
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