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US 2012/0216536A1 Aug.30,2012 secondary power turbine in ?uid communication With the secondaryWorking?uid;andasecondarygeneratormechani cally coupled to the secondary poWer turbine. [0013] ThesecondaryWorking?uidmaybeanysuitable secondarygeneratortogenerateelectricalcurrent. ?uid including Water/steam or an organic ?uid. In certain embodiments of a system featuring a secondary poWer block thesolarenergyreceiver,Working?uidcircuit,poWerturbine, generator, compressor turbine, compressor, heat exchanger, secondaryWorking?uidcircuit,secondarypoWerturbineand secondarygeneratorareeachlocatedWithinoronatoWer. [0014] Anotheralternativesystemembodimentisasolar poWer generation system comprising a Working ?uid circuit providing for the ?oW of S-CO2 therein; a solar energy receiver in thermal communication With the Working ?uid circuitprovidingforsolarheatingoftheS-CO2Working?uid andaBraytoncyclepoWerblockin?uidcommunicationWith the S-CO2. This alternative embodiment may optionally include a Rankine cycle poWer block in thermal communica tionWiththeBraytoncyclepoWerblock.Eitheroftheabove variationsmay optionallybecon?guredsuchthatalreceiver and poWer block apparatus is located on or in a toWer. The foregoing embodiments may optionally include a thermal energy storage system in thermal communication With the S-CO2. [0019] Inadditiontotheexemplaryaspectsandembodi mentsdescribedabove,furtheraspectsandembodimentsWill becomeapparentbyreferencetothedraWingsandbystudyof thefolloWingdescriptions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0020] Exemplaryembodimentsareillustratedinrefer enced?guresofthedraWings.Itisintendedthattheembodi ments and ?gures disclosed herein are to be considered illus trativeratherthanlimiting. [0021] FIG.1isafunctionalblockdiagramshoWinga concentrating solar poWer electrical generating system as disclosed. [0022] FIG.2isaschematicdiagramshoWingapossible orientation of the apparatus of FIG. 1 Within a toWer. [0023] FIG.3isafunctionalblockdiagramshoWingan alternative concentrating solar poWer electrical generating system as disclosed. [0024] FIG.4isa?oWchartillustrationofamethodfor generating electricity from concentrated solar energy as dis closed. [0025] FIG.5isa?oWchartillustrationofanalternative method for generating electricity from concentrated solar energy as disclosed. [0015] Anotheralternativeembodimentisamethodofgen erating electricity from solar energy. The method includes at least the steps of providing a Working ?uid circuit having S-CO2?oWingtherein,theWorking?uidcircuitbeingin?uid communicationWithasolarenergyreceiver,apoWerturbine, a compressor turbine and a compressor. The method further includesthestepsof?oWingS-CO2throughthesolarenergy receiver causing the S-CO2 to be heated With concentrated solarenergy;?oWingheatedS-CO2fromthereceiverthrough quantitiesofingredients,dimensions,reactionconditionsand the poWer turbine and the compressor turbine causing the poWer turbine to rotate and drive a generator to generate electrical current. The method also uses heated S-CO2 to cause the compressor turbine to rotate to drive the compres sor. Thus, S-CO2 from the poWer turbine may be ?oWed throughthecompressorcausingcompressionoftheS-CO2. [0016] Theforegoingmethodembodimentfurtherincludes cooling the S-CO2 ?oWing from the poWer turbine to the compressor With at least one recuperator. In some embodi ments the poWer turbine may be caused to rotate at a ?rst selected speed and the compressor turbine may be rotated at a second selected speed Which is different from the ?rst selected speed. S-CO2 may optionally be ?oWed through a thermal energy storage system. so forth used in the speci?cation and claims are to be under stood as being modi?ed in all instances by the term “about”. [0027] Inthisapplicationandtheclaims,theuseofthe singular includes the plural unless speci?cally stated other Wise. In addition, use of “or” means “and/or” unless stated otherWise. Moreover, the use of the term “including”, as Well asotherforms,suchas“includes”and“included”,isnot limiting. Also, terms such as “element” or “component” encompass both elements and components comprising one unit and elements and components that comprise more than one unit unless speci?cally stated otherWise. [0028] ThefolloWingdisclosurerelatestoconcentrating solar poWer (CSP) systems and methods. Various embodi ments disclosed herein feature solar heated supercritical car [0017] Analternativemethodincludestheabovestepsplus bondioxide(S-CO2)astheWorking?uidCSPpoWerblock. thestepsof?oWingtheS-CO2 throughaheatexchangerin thermal communication With a secondary Working ?uid cir cuit and ?oWing the secondary Working ?uid through a sec ondary poWer turbine to rotate and drive a secondary genera tor to generate electrical current. IncertainalternativeembodimentstheS-CO2may alsofunc tion as a heat transfer ?uid. Generally, a CSP Working ?uid expands Within or before a turbine to perform Work, for example electrical generation or ?uid compression. Gener ally, a heat transfer ?uid exchanges thermal energy With [0018] Anotheralternativemethodofgeneratingelectricity anothersubstance,forexample,aWorking?uidorathermal from solar energy includes providing a Working ?uid circuit havingS-CO2?oWingtherein,theWorking?uidcircuitbeing in ?uid communication With a solar energy receiver, and a Brayton cycle poWer block, this embodiment includes the steps of ?oWing S-CO2 through the solar energy receiver causing the S-CO2 to be heated With concentrated solar energy and ?oWing heated S-CO2 from the receiver through theBraytoncyclepoWerblocktodriveageneratortogenerate electrical current. This method may optionally include the steps of ?oWing S-CO2 through a heat exchanger to heat a energy storage material. [0029] As used herein, supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) is de?ned as a ?uid state of carbon dioxide held at or above its critical temperature and critical pressure. Carbon dioxide usually behaves as a gas in air at standard temperature and pressure (STP) or as a solid “dry ice” When froZen. Ifthe temperature and pressure of carbon dioxide are both increased from STP to be at or above the critical point for carbon dioxide, the material can adopt properties midWay betWeen a gas and a liquid. More speci?cally, carbon dioxide secondaryWorking?uidinasecondaryWorking?uidcircuit and ?oWing heated secondary Working ?uid from the heat exchanger through a Rankine cycle poWer block to drive a DETAILED DESCRIPTION [0026] UnlessotherWiseindicated,alnumbersexpressingPDF Image | SCO2 POWER CYCLE CONFIGURATION CONCENTRATING SOLAR
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