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US 2012/0216536A1 Aug.30,2012 TABLE 3 Estimatedef?ciencvforselectedS4CO7 powercycles ine power cycle 514 which may be used to supplement the method of FIG. 4. The method of FIG. 5 may optionally include?owingtheprimaryS-CO2working?uidtoandfrom a thermal energy storage system to provide thermal energy storage(step514). [0062] Variousembodimentsofthedisclosurecouldalso include permutations of the various elements recited in the claims as ifeach dependent claim was a multiple dependent claimincorporatingthelimitationsofeachofthepreceding dependent claims as well as the independent claims. Such permutations are expressly within the scope of this disclo sure. [0063] Whileanumberofexemplaryaspectsandembodi ments have been discussed above, those of skill in the art will recognizecertainmodi?cations,permutations,additionsand sub combinations thereof. It is therefore intended that the following appended claims and claims hereafter introduced are interpreted to include all such modi?cations, permuta tions, additions and sub-combinations as are within their true spiritandscope. What isclaimedis: 1.A solarpowergenerationsystemcomprising: a working ?uid circuit con?gured for. the ?ow of super criticalcarbondioxidetherein; a solar energy receiver in thermal communication with the working ?uid circuit con?gured to provide for solar heating of the supercritical carbon dioxide within the working?uidcircuit; apowerturbinein?uidcommunicationwiththesupercriti cal carbon dioxide within the working ?uid circuit; ageneratormechanicallycoupledtothepowerturbine; a compressor turbine in ?uid communication with the supercritical carbon dioxide within the working ?uid circuit;and a compressor mechanically coupled to the compressor tur bine,whereinthecompressorisfurtherin?uidcommu nicationwiththesupercriticalcarbondioxidewithinthe working?uidcircuit. Steam (subcritical steam receiver with wet cooling and reheat) Simple Cycle SiCOZ RecompressionCycleS4CO2 Turbine Inlet Temperature, GrossCycle °C. Ef?ciency 585 43.5% 550 40.4% 700 45.5% 550 46.5% 700 51.2% [0059] Alternativeembodimentsincludemethodsofgen erating electricity from solar energy. Representative, non exclusivemethods areillustratedinthe?ow chartsofFIGS. 4 and 5. For example, FIG. 4 illustrates a method of generating electricityusingconcentratedsolarenergybaseduponaCSP system as described above having an S-CO2 working ?uid circuit(step402).Themethodincludesthestepofheatingthe S-CO2 by ?owing the S-CO2 through a concentrated solar energyreceiver(step404).A portionoftheheatedS-CO2may then be used to drive a power turbine which is mechanically coupled to a generator to generate electricity (step 406). Another portion of the S-CO2 may be used to drive a com pressor turbine coupled to a compressor or multi-stage com pression apparatus (step 408). S-CO2 exiting the turbines is somewhatlesspressurizedandsomewhatlessheatedthanthe S-CO2 at a turbine entrance, however the S-CO2 must be furthercooledandpressurizedpriortoreturntothereceiver. Therefore the S-CO2 may be ?owed through one or more recuperatorsorpre-coolerspriortocompression(step410). The S-CO2 may then be compressed and the pressurized S-CO2 returned to the receiver for heating (step 412). [0060] Theforegoingsteps404-412provideforaBrayton power cycle 414. As described in detail above, the method may optionally include ?owing the S-CO2 working ?uid to and from a thermal energy storage system to provide thermal energystorage(step416). [0061] ThemethodofFIG.4mayoptionallybesupple mented with a secondary power cycle. In particular, with an S-CO2 Braytoncycleasdescribedabove,amajorcostofthe apparatusmay beassociatedwiththeheatrecuperator(s)and pre-cooler(s) used in step 410. One way to mitigate this cost is to add a “bottom” or secondary power block to the system. For example the system may be expanded to include a Rank ine cycle or in particular an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) power block to minimize the physical size necessary to accommodate the large temperature and pressure gradients presentintherecuperatorandpre-coolerelements.Accord ingly, FIG. 5 illustrates a method where the S-CO2 circuit described above constitutes a primary working ?uid circuit andtheCSP systemalsoincludesasecondaryworking?uid circuit(step502).Thesecondaryworking?uidmaybeheated tooperationaltemperaturesbyheatexchangewiththeS-CO2 working?uidindedicatedheatexchangeapparatusincluding but not limited to preheater, evaporator, superheater or repeaterapparatus(step504).Theheatedsecondaryworking ?uid may then be applied to a secondary power turbine to driveasecondarygeneratorandthusgenerateelectricity(step 506). The secondary working ?uid may then be taken from the secondary turbine outlet and condensed in a condenser (step508).Thesecondaryworking?uidmaythenbepumped backtotheheatexchangeelementsforreheating(step510). aheatexchangerinthermalcommunicationwiththework Thus,steps504-510provideforanoptionalsecondaryRank ing?uidcircuitdownstreamfromthepowerturbine; 2.Thesolarpowergenerationsystemaccordingtoclaim1, whereinthesupercriticalcarbondioxidewithintheworking ?uidcircuitismaintainedwithoutphasechange. 3. The solar power generation system according to claim 1 further comprising a power turbine shaft and a separate com pressorturbineshaftprovidingfortheindependentrotationof the power turbine and the compressor turbine. 4. The solar power generation system according to claim 1 further comprising at least one recuperator in thermal com munication with the supercritical carbon dioxide within the working?uidcircuit. 5.Thesolarpowergenerationsystemaccordingtoclaim1, wherein the solar energy receiver, working ?uid circuit, power turbine, generator, compressor turbine compressor, and at least one recuperator are each located within a tower. 6.The solarpower generation system according to claim 1 further comprising a thermal energy storage system in ther mal communication with the supercritical carbon dioxide withintheworking?uidcircuitandwhereinthesupercritical carbondioxidefunctionsasaworking?uidandaheattransfer ?uid. 7. The solar power generation system according to claim 1 furthercomprising:PDF Image | SCO2 POWER CYCLE CONFIGURATION CONCENTRATING SOLAR
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