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US 8,291,710B2 34 FIG. 6 is an alternative cross-sectional vieW in the direction ofarrowsA-A inFIG. 3. FIG. 7 is an enlarged perspective vieW of an alternative exhaustnozzlehavingnoisereducingtabshavingacompos itearticleaccordingtothepresentinvention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A turbofan gas turbine engine 10, as shoWn in FIG. 1, comprisesinaxial?oW seriesanairintake5,apropulsivefan 2, a core engine 4 and an exhaust nozzle assembly 16 all disposedaboutanengineaxis1.Thecoreengine4comprises inaxial?oW seriesaseriesofcompressors6,acombustor8 and aseriesofturbines9.The directionofair?oWthroughthe turbofan gas turbine engine 10 in operation is indicated by arroW A and the terms upstream and doWnstream are used With reference to this general ?oW direction. Air is draWn through the air intake 5 and is compressed by the fan 2. The air?oWfromthefan2issplitbetWeena?oWthroughthecore engine4andabypass?oW.The?oW throughthecoreengine 4 ?oWs through the compressors 6 Where itis further com pressed and into the combustor 8 Where itismixed With fuel andthefuelisburntintheairinthecombustor8.The com bustionofthefuelinthecompressedairinthecombustor8 produces hot gases, Which exit the combustor 8 and ?oW doWnstream through and drive the turbines 9. The turbines 9 drive the compressors 6 and fan 2 via shafts 11 Which driv ingly connect the turbines 9 With the compressors 6 and the fan2. The exhaust gases leaving the turbine 9 ?oW through the exhaustnozzleassembly16toprovidepropulsivethrust.The remainder of the air from the fan 2, the bypass ?oW, ?oWs Within a bypass duct 7 around the core engine 4. The bypass ?oW,Whichhasbeenacceleratedbythefan2also?oWstothe exhaustnozzleassembly16Whereitisexhausted,asabypass exhauststreamtoprovidefurther,themajorityofthe,propul sivethrust. 20 25 30 35 sion in a doWnstream direction. The tabs 20 and notches 21 areevenlycircumferentiallyspaced. Similarly, a plurality of circumferentially spaced tabs 18 extend from the doWnstream end 27 of the bypass exhaust nozzle 12 and in particular from the doWnstream end of the nacelle 17. As shoWn, the tabs 18 are of trapezoidal shape Withthesidesofthetabs18circumferentiallytaperingaWay from each other in a doWnstream direction to form a plurality of circumferentially disposed notches, or spaces, 19 de?ned betWeenadjacenttabs18.Thenotches19arecomplementary to the shape of the tabs 18 and are of trapezoidal shape With the notches 19 increasing in dimension in a doWnstream direction. The tabs 18 and notches 19 are evenly circumfer entialyspaced. The tabs 18, 20, as shoWn in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5, are compos ite articles and comprise a composite member 30, a ?exible member 36 and apluralityofshape memory material mem bers38.Thecompositemember30hasparallellongitudinally extending ?bres 34 arranged in a matrix material 32. The pluralityofshapememorymaterialmembers38extendsub stantiallyparalleltoeachotherandparalleltothecomposite member 30 and in particular parallel to the longitudinally extending?bres34inthecompositemember30.The?exible member 36 ispositionedbetWeen the composite member 30 andthepluralityofshapememorymaterialmembers38to bond the plurality of shape memory material members 38 to the composite member 30 and to maintain a separation betWeenthecompositemember30andthepluralityofshape memory material members 38. The shape memory material members 38 are circular cross-section Wires and are embed dedinaregionX ofthe?exiblemember36andtheregionX isspaced from the composite member 30 by a distanceY. At leastoneheatconductingmember 40 isalsoembedded intheregionX ofthe?exiblemember36.Theatleastoneheat conducting members 40 is provided around the shape memory materialmembers 38.The atleastoneheatconduct ingmember40iscorrugatedandhastroughs42andpeaks44 arranged alternately and the troughs 42 and peaks 44 are parallel. Each shape memory material member 38 islocated inandcontactsatrough42ofthecorrugatedheatconducting member 40. The peaks 44 ofthe corrugated heat conducting member 40 are arranged on an exterior surface 46 of the ?exiblemember 36.The atleastoneheatconductingmember 40 isembedded inthe?exiblemember 36 and extendstothe exteriorsurfaceofthe?exiblemember36. The composite member 30 is designed to have a speci?c stiffness about itsneutral axis B-B. The shape memory mate rial members 38 are held in position substantially parallel to thecompositemember30andatapositionmaintainedbythe ?exiblemember36andthe?exiblemember36ischosento alloWstrainssimilartothoseusedinshapememory material members 38 Without suffering damage. The tabs 18, 20 are pre-stressed substantially as shoWn in FIG. 4. The composite member 30 is predominantly stressed in bending and this is opposed by the shape memory material members 38, Which are held at an appropriate distance Y from the composite member 30 and the shape memory material members 38 are pre-stressedintension,asshoWninFIG.4,orincompression. Thecompositemember30isdesignedtohaveahighbending stiffnessinthedirectionofactuation.Atanequilibriumposi tion, the bending moments about the neutral axis B-B are balanced and no movement occurs. In operation, the shape memory material members 38 are activated to change theirproperties, e.g.Young’s modulus or otherparameteraffectingtheabilitytoresistamechanical load. The shape memory material members 38 may be a magneticshapememorymaterialmember,eg amagneto The velocity of the bypass exhaust stream is signi?cantly loWerthanthevelocityofthecoreengineexhauststream. Turbulent mixing of the bypass exhaust stream and the core engine exhaust stream occurs in the region of, and doWn stream of, the exhaust nozzle assembly 16. These tWo exhaust streamsalsomixWiththeambientairsurroundinganddoWn streamoftheexhaustnozzleassembly16.Thismixingofthe45 tWo exhaust streams and the ambient air produces noise. Theexhaustnozzleassembly16comprisestWoconcentric exhaust nozzles, a radially outer bypass exhaust nozzle 12 and a radially inner core exhaust nozzle 14. The core exhaust nozzle14isde?nedatitsradiallyouterextentbyagenerally 50 frusto-conical core nozzle Wall 15 and at its radially inner extent by a frusto-conical engine plug structure 22. The bypassexhaustnozzle12isde?neditsradiallyouterextentby a nacelle 17 and at its radially inner extent by the nozzle Wall 15. 55 The exhaust nozzle assembly 16 is shoWn more clearly in FIG. 2 and it comprises noise reduction apparatus having a numberoftabs.A pluralityofcircumferentiallyspacedtabs 20 extend from the doWnstream end of the core exhaust nozzle14andinparticularfromthedoWnstreamendofthe 60 frusto-conicalcorenozzleWall15.As shoWn,thetabs20are of trapezoidal shape With the sides of the tabs 20 circumfer entiallytaperingaWayfromeachotherinadoWnstreamdirec tiontoformapluralityofcircumferentiallydisposednotches, orspaces,21de?nedbetWeenadjacenttabs20.Thenotches 65 21 are complementary to the shape of the tabs 20 and are of trapezoidal shape With the notches 21 increasing in dimen 40PDF Image | Shape Memory Material
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