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US 8,291,710B2 56 strictivematerialmember, anelectricshapememory material member, eg a piezoelectric material member, an electro active material member or an electro-active polymer (EAP), or a heat shape memory material member etc. Electro-active polymers (EAPs) in particular have high strain rate, but loW modulus, Which makes them particularly suited for use in the presentinvention.Thetabs18,20aremovedbetWeenthe?rst andsecondpositionsbyprovidingamagnetic?eldinthecase ofmagneticshapememorymaterialmembers38suchthatthe magnetic ?eld causes the magnetic shape memory material members 38 to change length and bend the tabs 18, 20. The tabs 18, 20 are moved betWeen the ?rst and second positions by providing an electric current through the electric shape memory material members in the case of electric shape memory material members 38 such that the electric current causes them to change length and bend the tabs 18, 20. The tabs 18, 20 are moved betWeen the ?rst and second positions byprovidingheatinthecaseofheatshapememory material members 38 such that the heat causes them to change length andbendthetabs18,20.Theheatmaybeprovidedby20 theshapememorymaterialmembers38andpartiallyonthe supplying an electric current through the heat shape memory materialmembers 38.The shapememory materialmembers 38 are positioned radially Within the composite article and move the composite member 30 from a non-deployed posi tiontoadeployedpositiontochangetheshapeofatab18,20. 25 heatinputrequirementsforheatingandcoolingtimes. The effective leverage due to the distance Y betWeen the compositemember 30 andtheshapememory materialmem bers 38 alloWs a small area ofthe shape memory material members 38 to use a large strain at a relatively force to bend thecompositemember30.Thecompositemember30andthe 30 tapes 38 are embedded in the ?exible member 36 and a shapememory materialmembers 38actinoppositiontoeach portionofeachshapememory materialtape38projectsout other.Reactionagainstexternalloadsisachievedbythecom Wardlyfromthe?exiblemember36toformcooling?ns.The binedstructure,thecompositemember30,the?exiblemem shapememory materialtapes38conductheattotheexterior ber 36 and the shape memory material members 38 acting as surface of the ?exible member 36, Where the heat may be athickbeam,i.e.theelementsacttogethertoformstiff35 transferredtoacooling?uid.ThisdispensesWiththeneedfor structure. As mentioned previously the longitudinally extending ?bres 34 ofthe composite member 30 and the shape memory material members 38 are parallel to each other and are arrangedinthedirectionofbending,i.e.,extendfromleftto40 materialmemberssuchthattheshapememorymaterialmem right in FIGS. 3 and 4 or into the page in FIG. 5. Itmay be bers move the composite member betWeen the second non possibletoprovideextra?bresinthecompositemember30to deployedpositionandthe?rstdeployedposition. increasethestrength,integrity,ofthecompositemember 30. Alternatively, there are magnetic, electromagnetic means Inonearrangement,thecompositemember30may comprise or electric apparatus to actuate the shape memory material laterallyextending?bresarrangedperpendicularlytothelon 45 members. gitudinally extending ?bres 34. Itmay also be possible to provide ?bres in the ?exible member 36 and including the regionX aroundtheshapememorymaterialmembers38.The ?exible member 36 may have laterally extending ?bres arrangedperpendicularlytothelongitudinallyextending50 deployedpositiontochangetheshapeofatab,itmaybe ?bres 34 in the composite member 30, because these ?bres only experience small strains. The laterally extending ?bres may beWoven, orstitched,Withthelongitudinallyextending ?bres in the composite member 30 to increase the through thicknessstiffnessandintegrity.Alternatively,thecomposite55 member. member 30may comprisechopped?brestoincreasethrough thicknessstiffnessandintegrity.The?exiblemember36may include chopped ?bres. The longitudinally extending ?bres 34 in the composite member30maycompriseanysuitable?bres,forexample 60 members38.Thetabs82aremovablebetWeenadeployed carbon?bresorglass?bres,thelaterallyextending?bresmay comprise any suitable ?bres, for example carbon ?bres or glass ?bres and the chopped ?bres may comprise any suitable ?bres,forexamplecarbon?bresorglass?bres.Thematrix32 ofthecompositemember30maycompriseathermosetting65 reducesthevelocityofthegasstreamandintrinsically polymer, for example an epoxy resin, a polyimide or foam. reduces noise. At cruise the tabs 82 are in the non-deployed The ?exiblemember 36 may comprise athermosettingpoly position and the edges 88, 90 of the tabs 80 and 82 are in mer, for example an epoxy resin, a polyimide or foam. The ?exiblemember 36may beformedatthesametimeandinthe same process as the composite member 30. Theheatrejectionfromtheshapememory materialmem bers 38 has a major in?uence on the heating rate, or actuation rate,theheatinputrequiredtomaintainthedeployedposition and the cooling rate to cause retraction to the non-deployed position.Itisbelievedthatthecoolingrateismore important of the tWo. Thus, as mentioned previously a heat conducting member 40 is embedded in the ?exible member 36 and the troughs42 arearrangedtocontacttheshapememory material members 38 to conduct heat aWay from the shape memory material members 38 to the peaks 44 of the heat conducting member 40 andtheexteriorsurface46 ofthe?exiblemember 36, Which forms an exterior surface of the composite article, Wheretheheatmaybetransferredtoacooling?uid.A heat insulating layer or a heat conducting layer may be applied radiallyoutWardoftheshapememory materialmembers 38, eitherontheshapememory materialmembers 38,partiallyon exterior surface 46 of the ?exible material 36 or on the exte riorsurface46ofthe?exiblematerial36,inordertooptimiZe the heat transferto the exterior surface 46 and into the cooling ?uid. This may be used to optimiZe the compromise betWeen FIG. 6 shoWs an alternative cross-sectional vieW in the directionofarroWsA-A. Inthisarrangementthepluralityof shapememorymaterialmembers38comprisesapluralityof shape memory material tapes. The shape memory material heatconductingmembers. The plurality of shape memory material members may comprise at least one shape memory alloy or shape memory metal. There are heating means to heat the shape memory Although the present invention has been described With referencetotheshapememorymaterialmembersbeingposi tionedradiallyinsidethecompositemember andtomove the composite member from a non-deployed position to a equally possible forthe shape memory material members to be positioned radially outside the composite member and to move thecompositemember fromanon-deployedpositionto a deployed position to change the shape of a tab or other In these circumstances, as shoWn in FIG. 7 there are tWo sets of tabs 80 and 82. The tabs 80 are rigidly ?xed in a deployed position and the tabs 82 comprise a composite member 30, a ?exible member 36 and shape memory material position as shoWn in FIG. 7 and a non-deployed position, WheretheyarecircumferentiallyalignedWithtabs80.Attake offand climb the tabs 82 are deployed for noise reduction and theexitareaofthenoZZle12isenlarged.The enlargementPDF Image | Shape Memory Material
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