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US 8,l28,34l B2 56 In a further advantageous alternative embodiment, the sec tions Which consist of different materials are interconnected by a means of a Hirth toothing. The essential advantage of the Hirthtoothingistheespeciallyhighthermal?exibilityofthe turbineshaft.A furtheradvantageisthatasarulethisleadsto the turbine shaft being able to be quickly manufactured. Fur thermore, the turbine shaft can be formed inexpensively. In a further advantageous development, the tWo outer sec tions are formed as a holloW shaft, and the middle section lying betWeen them is formed as a holloW shaft. It is also advantageous ifthe sections Which consist of different mate rials are interconnected by means of a ?anged connection. This can be helpful during inspection operations since the different sections can be easily separated from each other. It is also advantageous ifthe in?oW line and the out?oW line are integrated in the ?anged connection. The sections Which consist of different materials are expe diently Welded to each other by means of at least one Welded seam. It is very advantageous ifthe in?oW line and the out?oW lineareintegratedintheHirthtoothing.Inthiscase,theHirth 20 toothing,Whichcanhavetrapezoidal,rectangularortriangu lar serrations, can be manufactured With a recess Which is formedasanin?oWand/orout?oWline.As aresultofthis,a very simple Way is provided of forming an in?oW and/or out?oWline.Forexample,therecesscanbeformedinthe 25 trapezoidal,rectangularortriangularserrationsWithadjust ment in dependence upon the calculated passage volume of the cooling steam. The manufacture of such recesses on a Hirthtoothingiscomparativelysimpleand,moreover,canbe quicklycarriedout.Costadvantagesresultfromthis. Thereturnlineisadvantageouslyarrangedinsidetheouter 30 casing. The return line can also be formed as a bore in the innercasing. Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detailWithreferencetothesubsequentdraWings.Inthis case,componentsWiththesamedesignationshavethesame 35 principleofoperation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS InthedraWing 40 FIG. 1 shoWs a cross-sectional vieW of a high-pressure turbinesectionaccordingtothepriorart, FIG. 2 shoWs a section through a part of a turbine section, FIG. 3 shoWs a section through a turbine shaft, FIG.4shoWsasectionthroughaturbineshaftinanalter 45 nativeembodiment, FIG. 5 shoWs a section through a turbine shaft in an alter nativeembodiment, FIG. 6 shoWs a section through a turbine shaft in an alter nativeembodiment, FIG.7shoWsasectionthroughaturbineshaftinanalter 50 nativeembodiment, FIG. 8 shoWs an enlarged vieW of a ?anged connection, FIG. 9 shoWs a perspective vieW of a part of the ?anged connection, FIG.10shoWsaperspectivevieWoftheprincipleofaHirth 55 toothing, FIG. 11 shoWs a sectional vieW of a Hirth toothing With through-passagesintriangularform, FIG. 12 shoWs a sectional vieW through a Hirth toothing in trapezoidalformWiththrough-holes, 60 FIG. 13 shoWs a graph With representation of the relative bine section 1, as an embodiment of a steam turbine, com prises an outer casing 2 and an inner casing 3 Which is arrangedtherein.Insidetheinnercasing3,aturbineshaft5is rotatably mounted around a rotational axis 6. The turbine shaft5comprisesrotorblades7Whicharearrangedinslotson a surface of the turbine shaft 5. The inner casing 3 has stator blades 8 Which are arranged in slots on its inner surface. The statorblades 8 and rotor blades 7 are arranged in such a Way that a ?oW passage 9 is formed in a ?oW direction 13. The high-pressureturbinesection1hasaninletregion10through Which live steam ?oWs into the high-pressure turbine section 1 during operation. The live steam can have steam parameters of over 300 bar and over 6200 C. The live steam, Which expands inthe?oW direction13,?oWs inturnpastthestator blades8androtorblades7,expands,andcoolsdoWn.During this, the steam loses an inner energy Which is converted into rotational energy of the turbine shaft 5. The rotation of the turbine shaft 5 ultimately drives a generator, Which is not shoWn,forelectricpoWersupply.Thehigh-pressureturbine section 1 can naturally drive other installation components apart from a generator, for example a compressor, a ship’s screW or suchlike. The steam ?oWs through the ?oW passage 9and?oWs outofthehigh-pressureturbinesection1fromthe exhaust33.Indoingso,thesteamexertsanactionforce11in the ?oW direction 13. The result is that the turbine shaft 4 Would executeamovement inthe?oW direction13.An actual movement of the turbine shaft 5 is prevented due to the formingofacompensatingpiston4.Thistakesplacebysteam Withcorrespondingpressurebeingadmittedinacompensat ing piston pre-chamber 12, Which, as a result of the pressure Whichbuildsupinthecompensatingpistonpre-chamber12, leadstoaforcebeingcreatedoppositethe?oW direction13, Which ideally should be as large as the action force 11. The steamWhichisadmittedinthecompensatingpistonpre chamber 12 as a rule is tapped-off live steam Which has very hightemperatureparameters.Consequently,theinletregion 10 and compensating piston 4 of the turbine shaft are ther mallyhighlystressed. In FIG. 2, a detail of a steam turbine 1 is shoWn. The steam turbine has an outer casing 2, an inner casing 3 and a turbine shaft 5. The steam turbine 1 has rotor blades 7 and stator blades 8. Live steam reaches the ?oW passage 9 via the inlet region 10 via a diagonal stage 15. The steam expands and coolsdoWnintheprocess.Theinnerenergyofthesteamis converted into rotational energy of the turbine shaft 5. The steam, after a de?ned number of turbine stages Which are formed from stator blades 8 and rotor blades 7, is ?uidi cally communicated via an in?oW line 16 to a cooling air line 17.Thecoolingairline17inthiscaseisformedasacavity inside the turbine shaft 5. Other embodiments are conceiv able.So,forexample,insteadofacavity17,itispossibleto form a line, Which is not shoWn, inside the turbine shaft 5. The turbine shaft 5 is arranged in a rotatably mounted mannerinsidethecasing2,3andisorientedalongarotational axis6.A ?oWpassage9isformedbetWeenthecasing2,3and the turbine shaft 5. The cooling line 17 in this case is formed for guiding cooling steam in the direction of the rotational axis6.The coolingline17 is?uidicallyconnectedon one side to at least one in?oW line 16. The in?oW line 16 is formed for the in?oW of cooling steam from the ?oW passage 9 into the coolingline17. creeprupturestrengthindependenceuponthetemperature. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION In FIG. 1, a section through a high-pressure turbine section 1 according to the prior art is shoWn. The high-pressure tur The in?oW line16 inthiscasecanbe orientedradiallytothe rotational axis 6. Other embodiments ofthe in?oW line 16 are 65 conceivable.So,forexample,thein?oWline16canbe formed at an angle perpendicularly to the rotational axis 6. The cooling line 16 could extend spirally from the ?oW pasPDF Image | STEAM TURBINE 2001
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