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US 8,128,341 B2 78 sage 9 to the cooling line 17. The cross section ofthe cooling line16fromthe?oW passage9tothecoolingline17canvary. The coolingline17 isconnectedontheothersidetoatleast one out?ow line 18 for guiding cooling steam onto a gener ated surface 19 of the thrust compensating piston. The cooling steam Which ?oWs out ofthe out?oW line 18 is distributed to the generated surface 19 of the thrust compen sating piston and cools this doWn in the process. The casing 2, 3 comprises an inner casing 3 and an outer casing 2. The cooling steam Which ?oWs out of the out?oW line18?oWs intWo directions.On theonehandit?oWs inthe directionofthemain?oW direction13,andontheotherhand ?oWs inadirectionoppositethemain ?oW direction13.Via theinletregion10,some ofthelivesteam?oWs betWeenthe inner casing 3 and the turbine shaft 5 in the direction of the thrust compensating piston 4. This so-called piston leakage steam20mixesWiththecoolingsteamWhich?oWs outofthe out?oW lineandisreturnedtothe?oW passage9bymeans of areturnline21.Forpracticalreasons,thisreturnline21starts betWeen the inlet 10 and the outlet of the out?oW line 18. As aresult,apartial?oW ofthecoolingsteamcanbedirectedin the direction of the main ?oW 13 and can block the piston leakagesteam20.InthisWay,thecoolingofthepistonsurface 18,Whichisdescribedabove,isensured.Thismixedsteam, Whichisformedfromcoolingsteamandcompensatingpiston leakage steam, is admitted at a suitable point in the ?oW passage 9 in order to perform Work there. 20 25 or more sections Which are formed in a tubular or disk-like con?guration and can include one or more rotor blade stages in each case. Inafurtheralternativeembodiment, asshoWninFIG. 6,the sections22,23,24oftheturbineshaft5areinterconnectedby means of a Hirth toothing 30, 31, Wherein the in?oW line 16 andtheout?oWline18areintegratedintheHirthtoothing30, 31. In FIG. 7, a further alternative embodiment of the turbine shaft 5 is shoWn. The turbine shaft 5 comprises at least tWo sections 22' and 23' Which are formed from different materi als. The section 23' is ?anged to the section 22'. The screW fastening is carried out by means of suitable necked-doWn bolts 39. The ?anged connection 40 is centered according to thepriorart.A thread41forreceivingthebolt39isexpedi ently formed in the section 22'. Furthermore, the screW fas tening of the section 23' to the section 22' is carried out preferablyfromthecoolerside. In FIG. 8, a sectional vieW ofthe screWed connection from FIG. 7 is to be seen. Also to be seen in this vieW is that the out?oW line 18 is integrated in the connection by means of recesses. This is shoWn in a perspective vieW of a part of the turbine shaft 5 in FIG. 5. As a result of a connection of the out?oWline18tothebolt-hole43bymeansofanannular space42,coolingoftheboltscanberealiZedandalsoequal iZation of the temperatures of the ?ange (compensating pis ton)Withthebolts. In FIG. 10, a perspective vieW of a Hirth toothing 30, 31 is tobeseen.Themiddlesection2inthiscasehasaHirth toothing 30, 31 Which is shoWn in FIG. 10. In the same Way, the tWo outer sections 24 and 23, Which consist of different materials,similarlyhaveaHirthtoothing30,31. In FIG. 11, a cross-sectional vieW of the Hirth toothing 30, 31istobeseen.Theleft-handpartforexampleistheleft-hand section 24, and the right-hand part is the middle section 22, Which are interconnected via the Hirth toothing 30. The in?oW line 16 is integrated in the Hirth toothing. The cross sectionalillustrationWhich isshoWn inFIG. 11 can also shoW the out?oW line 18. In this case, the left-hand part Would be the middle section 22, and the right-hand part Would be the right-hand section 23 Which is connected via the Hirth tooth ing 31. The out?oW line 18 is integrated in the Hirth toothing 30, 31. The embodiment Which is shoWn in FIG. 11 has triangularserrations. The in?oW line 16 or the out?oW line 18 is formed via recesses 32 of the Hirth toothing 30, 31. In the embodiment of the Hirth toothing 30, 31 Which is shoWninFIG.12,thishastrapeZoidalserrations.TrapeZoidal, rectangularortriangularserrationsarepossibleembodiments of the Hirth toothing. Other embodiments are possible. InFIG.13,therelevantstrengthvaluesfor1% and10% chromium steels for steam turbine shafts are shoWn. Thetemperatureinalinearscaleof400to600°C.isplotted onthex-axis35.ThecreeprupturestrengthRm’zooooohina linear scale of 30 to 530 N mm2 is plotted on the y-axis 36. The top curve 37 shoWs the temperaturecharacteristicforthematerial30CrMoNiV5-11, and the bottom curve 38 shoWs the temperature characteristic forthematerialX12CrMoWVNbN10-1-1. IthasbeenshoWnthatinadditiontotheguidingofcooling steam according to the invention, application of a thermal The return line 21 can be formed as an external line inside theoutercasing2.Thereturnline21canalsobeformedasa30 boreinsidetheinnercasing3. In FIG. 3, a turbine shaft 5 is shoWn. The turbine shaft 5 is manufactured from a material Which takes into account the thermal stresses. In this case, hoWever, it is disadvantageous thatthethermalstressisnotevenlydistributedontheturbine 35 shaft5but,asshoWnearlier,isespeciallyhighintheregionof theinlet10andofthecompensatingpiston4.Forclarity,the rotor blades 7 are not shoWn. By means ofthehatchinginFIG. 3,itismade clearthatthe turbine shaft 5 is formed from one material. 40 In FIG. 4, a further turbine shaft 5 is shoWn, Wherein this turbine shaft 5 has at least tWo sections of different materials in the ?oW direction 13. In alternative embodiments, the turbineshaft5canhavethreesections24,23,22consistingof differentmaterialsintheaxial?oWdirection13.Themiddle 45 section 22, for example, can be of a temperature-resistant 10% chromiumsteel,andthetWooutersections23and24can consistofthesamematerial,suchas1% chromiumsteel.In the embodiment Which is shoWn in FIG. 4, the middle section 22andthetWooutersections23,24areinterconnectedby 50 means ofWelded connections 25 and 26. The turbine shaft 5 can be constructed as a holloW shaft in the middle section 22, and constructed as a solid shaft in its outersections23,24. Ifthesections22,23,24areWeldedtoeachother,atleast 55 one Welded seam isused. Thesections22,23,24oftheturbineshaft5,Whichconsist of different materials, can be interconnected by means of a ?anged connection 40, Wherein the in?oW line 16 and the out?oW line 18 are integrated in the ?anged connection. 60 In FIG. 5, an alternative embodiment of the turbine shaft 5 is shoWn. The difference to the turbine shaft Which is shoWn in FIG. 4 is that of the turbine shaft 5 Which is shoWn in FIG. 5beingassembledbymeans ofaHirthtoothing27,28.Inthis case,atie-bolt29hastobeformed,Whichisarrangedinsuch 65 aWay thatthetWo outersections23 and24 arepressedagainst the middle section 22. The middle section 22 comprises onePDF Image | STEAM TURBINE 2001
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