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US 7,685,820B2 12 SUPERCRITICAL CO2 TURBINE FOR USE IN SOLAR POWER PLANTS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates generally to carbon dioxide turbines.Inparticular,theinventionrelatestocarbondioxide turbines poWered by a reneWable energy source. There is a continuing demand for clean reneWable energy sources due to the depletion of the Earth’s supply of fossil fuels and concerns over the contribution to global Warming fromcombustionoffossilfuels.SolarpoWertoWersgenerate electric poWer from sunlight by focusing concentrated solar radiation on a toWer-mounted receiver. Solar poWer toWer systems typically include a “cold” storage tank, a solar receiver, heliostats, a “hot” storage tank, and an energy con version system, such as a steam generator and turbine/gen eratorset.Inoperation,aheattransfer?uidispumped from thecoldstoragetanktothesolarreceiver.Theheattransfer 20 ?uidcanbeanyappropriatemedium thathasthecapabilityto transferheatandthermallymaintaintheheatinthemedium, such as Water, liquid metal, or molten salt. has a molten salt heat transfer ?uid for providing thermal energytothesupercriticalcarbondioxideturbine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic of a turbine system. FIG. 2 is a diagram of a method of using molten salt as the heat transfer ?uid of a solar heating system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION FIG. 1 shoWs a schematic of turbine system 10, Which generallyincludessolarheatingsystem12andsupercritical carbondioxideturbinesystem14.Solarheatingsystem12is used to provide thermal energy to supercritical carbon diox ide turbine system 14 up to 24 hours a day. The use of solar heating system 12 in conjunction With supercritical carbon dioxide turbine system 14 alloWs for e?icient use of super critical carbon dioxide turbine system 14 and increases the electricconversionef?ciencyofsupercriticalcarbondioxide turbine system 14 to approximately 46%. This increases the overallef?ciencyofturbinesystem10,reducingplantcapital costs and electricity production costs. Solarheatingsystem12generallyincludescirculationsys tem16,coldstoragetank18,solarreceiver20,heliostats22, hotstoragetank24,andheatexchanger26.Circulationsys tem 16 transports a heat transfer ?uid through solar heating system12andgenerallyincludesprimaryline28,secondary line 30, cold pump 32a, and hot pump 32b. Primary line 28 Thesolarreceiveristypicallypositioned50feetto250feet 25 or more above ground and is heated by the heliostats. The heliostats redirect and concentrate solar radiation from the sun onto the solar receiver. The heat transfer ?uid ?oWs through receivertubes ofthe solarreceiverWhere itisheated bytheconcentratedsolarenergy.Inthesolarreceiver,liquid30 carriestheheattransfer?uidfromcoldstoragetank18to metals have been used as the heat transfer ?uid and can reach temperatures of approximately 1600 degrees Fahrenheit (0 F.).Water/steambeingusedastheheattransfer?uidcanreach peak temperatures of approximately 10500 F. Molten salts currentlybeingusedastheheattransfer?uidcanreachtem 35 peratures of approximately 11000 F. After the heat transfer ?uid has been heated in the solar receiver, the heat transfer ?uid typically ?oWs into the hot solar receiver 20. Secondary line 30 carries the heat transfer ?uid from hot storage tank 24 to heat exchanger 26 and back tocoldstoragetank18inaclosedloop.Theheattransfer?uid is pumped through primary line 28 by cold pump 32a and throughsecondaryline30byhotpump32b. Inoperation,theheattransfer?uidisstoredincoldstorage tank18.Theheattransfer?uidispumpedthroughcoldpump 32a to solar receiver 20. Heliostats 22 redirect and concen tratesolarradiationfromthesunontosolarreceiver20,Which thermalstoragetank.Theheattransfer?uidisthenstoredin40 convertstheredirectedsunlighttothermalenergy.Theheat the hot thermal storage tank until it is needed for electrical poWer generation. The hot thermal storage tank alloWs for electrical poWer production during cloudiness or darkness. When electricalenergyisneeded,thehotheattransfer?uidis pumped from the hot storage tank to an energy conversion system. The heat transfer ?uid transfers the heat Within the energy conversion system. The energy conversion system can be, for example, a Rankine cycle conversion system or a Brayton cycle conversion system. Brayton cycles, With the useofaregenerator(alsocalledarecuperator)typicallyhave 50 highere?icienciesthanRankinecycles,Whichhaveef?cien ciesofapproximately34% to40%.Aftertheheathasbeen removed from the heat transfer ?uid, the heat transfer ?uid is transported back to the cold storage tank for reuse. transfer ?uid ?oWs through solar receiver 20 Where it is heated by the concentrated solar energy. Solar receiver 20 is capable of Withstanding temperatures of at least approxi mately 1065 degrees Fahrenheit (° F.). In one embodiment, solar heating system 12 is a solar poWer toWer system. After the heat transfer ?uid has been heated in solar receiver 20 to the desired temperature, the heat transfer ?uid ?oWs into hot thermal storage tank 24. The heat transfer ?uid isthenstoredinhotthermal storagetank24 untilitisneeded bysupercriticalcarbondioxidesystem14toproduceelec tricity. Hot thermal storage tank 24 alloWs for poWer produc tion during cloudiness or darkness. Due to the concern of depleting natural resources and the effectofpollutiononglobalWarming,thereisaneedintheart for a method of producing electricity using reneWable resources. In addition, solar poWer facilities typically have highcapitalcosts,thus,thereisalsoaneedintheartfora 60 methodofproducingelectricityinane?icientandcost-effec tive manner. BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A turbine system includes a supercritical carbon dioxide turbine and a solarheating system. The solarheating system When electricity generation is needed, the heated heat transfer?uid ispumped from hot thermal storage tank 24 and 55 circulatedthroughheatexchanger26toprovidethermal energy to supercritical carbon dioxide system 14. After the heattransfer?uidhaspassedthroughheatexchanger26,the extractedthermalenergyfromtheheattransfer?uidresultsin a drastic drop in the temperature of the heat transfer ?uid to approximately800°F.Theheattransfer?uidisthensentback tocoldstoragetank18,Whereitisstoredinclosedcyclesolar heating system 12 for reuse. The heat transfer ?uid can be any ?uid that has the capa bilitytotransferheatandthermallymaintaintheheatinthe 65 ?uid,suchasWater,liquidmetal,ormoltensalt.Theheat transfer ?uid may also interact With a solid heat transfer media contained in cold and hot storage tanks 18 and 24. In anPDF Image | SUPERCRITICAL CO2 TURBINE SOLAR POWER
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