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11 31 Live steam inletbranch 32 Casing 35, 36, 37 FloW direction of the through?oW ?uid 40 Hot Zone boundary 100 Turbine 120 Radial or diagonal turbine stage 121-125Axialturbinestages 130Common shaft 130-l, 130-ll Shaft sections 131 Live steam inlet branch 132Casing 135,136,137How directionofthethrough?oW?uid 140 Hot Zoneboundary 142 blade of a stage 144heat-insulatingcoating While the invention has been described in detail With ref 12 at the inlet into the radial or diagonal turbine stage has a temperature Which is higher than a maximum permissible softening temperature of the material of the axial turbine stage,andthethrough?oW?uidattheoutletfromtheradialor diagonal turbine stage has a temperature Which is equal to or less than a maximum permissible softening temperature of thematerialoftheaxialturbinestage. 6.Theturbineasclaimedinclaim1,Whereintheradialor diagonal turbine stage is con?gured and arranged so that a temperature drop of the through?oW ?uid betWeen the inlet intotheradialordiagonalturbinestageandtheoutletfromthe radialordiagonalturbinestageisatleast50°C. 7.The turbineasclaimedinclaim1,Whereinamean outlet diameter of the radial or diagonal turbine stage is equal to a mean inlet diameter of an axial turbine stage of the axial turbine stage arranged subsequent to the radial or diagonal US 7,670,109B2 erencetoexemplaryembodimentsthereof,itWillbeapparent turbinestage. 8.Theturbineasclaimedinclaim1,Whereinsaidrotatable shaft is a ?rst shaft, and further comprising: a second shaft and a transmission interconnecting the ?rst shaft and the second shaft; Wherein the radial or diagonal turbine stage is arranged on the ?rst shaft; and Wherein the at least one axial turbine stage is arranged on the second shaft. one axial turbine stage are arranged in the common casing. 10.A methodfortheconstructionofaturbine,themethod providing at least one axial turbine stage con?gured and arranged to be positioned doWnstream of a radial or diagonalturbinestage; forming the radial or diagonal turbine stage to rotate as a unit on a shaft and With a higher temperature resistance than the temperature resistance of the at least one axial turbine stage; and selectingastageloadingoftheradialordiagonalturbine stage so that, in a nominal operation of the turbine, a through?oW ?uid at the inlet into the radial or diagonal turbine stage has a temperature Which is higher than a maximum permissible softening temperature of the materialoftheaxialturbinestage,andthethrough?oW ?uid at the outlet from the radial or diagonal turbine stage has a temperature Which is equal to or less than a maximum permissible softening temperature of the materialoftheaxialturbinestageoftheturbine. 11.Themethodasclaimedinclaim10,furthercomprising: selecting a temperature drop of the through?oW ?uid betWeentheinletintotheradialordiagonalturbinestage andtheoutletfromtheradialordiagonalturbinestageof at least 50° C. 12. The turbine as claimed in claim 8, Wherein the turbine comprises a steam turbine and the turbine installation com prises a steam turbine installation. 13. The turbine as claimed in claim 1, Wherein each axial turbinestageisuncooled. 14. The turbine as claimed in claim 1, Wherein the radial or diagonal turbine stage is con?gured and arranged so that a temperature drop of the through?oW ?uid betWeen the inlet intotheradialordiagonalturbinestageandtheoutletfromthe radial or diagonal turbine stage is more than 60° C. 15.Theturbineasclaimedinclaim1,Whereintheradialor diagonal turbine stage is con?gured and arranged so that a temperature drop of the through?oW ?uid betWeen the inlet toone skilledintheartthatvariouschanges canbemade, and equivalents employed, Without departing from the scope of the invention. The foregoing description of the preferred 20 embodiments of the invention has been presented for pur poses of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form dis closed, and modi?cations and variations are possible in light oftheaboveteachingsormaybeacquiredfrompracticeofthe invention. The embodiments Were chosen and described in ordertoexplaintheprinciplesoftheinventionanditspracti cal application to enable one skilled in the art to utiliZe the inventioninvariousembodiments asaresuitedtotheparticu lar use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the inventionbede?nedbytheclaimsappendedhereto,andtheir equivalents.Theentiretyofeachoftheaforementioneddocu comprising: 25 30 ments is incorporated by reference herein. What isclaimedis: 1.Aturbineofaturbineinstallation,theturbinecompris 35 ing: a rotatable shaft; a radial or diagonal turbine stage With radial or diagonal in?oW and axial out?oW mounted on the shaft such that theradialordiagonalturbinestagerotatesWiththeshaft; 40 at least one axial turbine stage each de?ned as an axial stage by having axial in?oW and axial out?oW, and con sisting of an upstream non-rotating blade Wheel and a doWnstream blade mounted to the shaft; Whereintheradialordiagonalturbinestageisarrangedas 45 a ?rst stage of the turbine, and each at least one axial turbine stage is arranged doWnstream of the radial or diagonal turbine stage as an additional stage of the tur bine;and 9. The turbine as claimed in claim 1, further comprising: a common casing; and Whereintheradialordiagonalturbinestageandtheatleast Wherein the radial or diagonal turbine stage has a higher temperature resistance than each at least one axial tur binestage. 2. The turbine as claimed in claim 1, Wherein: the radial or diagonal turbine stage is formed from a high heatresistantnickelbasedalloy;and each axial turbine stage is formed from a material selected from the group consisting of cast steel and nickel chrome. 3. The turbine as claimed in claim 1, Wherein the radial or diagonal turbine stage is formed from a ceramic material, or is coated With a coating of a ceramic material. 4. The turbine as claimed in claim 1, Wherein the at least one axial turbine stage is formed from a turbine material Without a coating. 5.Theturbineasclaimedinclaim1,Whereinastage loading of the radial or diagonal turbine stage is selected so that,inanominaloperationoftheturbine,athrough?oW?uid 50 55 60 65PDF Image | Turbine 2010
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