PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 017
US 2007/0161095A1 Jul.12,2007 The further inclusion of nanoscale conductors and semi conductors as a means of increasing quantum mean free path,quantumdots,copper,Fe2+ions,iron-sulfurcluster,or electrides increase the reaction rates. The biodigestion of organic materials can be further enhanced by electrochemi cal process steps. [0111] ThepresenceofelectrondonorsWithinthebiomass conversion process, particularly When electrochemical pro cessing is utilized, reduces the oxidation rate of hydrolysis. Thus removing sources of electron donors prior to hydroly sisincludinglignin,antioxidants,polyphenols,andaromatic compounds increases the photocatalytic or enzymatic oxi dation rate by a minimum of 10% throughout the conver sion/degradationoccurringduringfermentationofbiomass solution to biofuels including ethanol and butanol. Electron donor sources include tocopherols, antioxidants, aromatics, etc. [0112] Additionalmeansofenhancingtheconversionpro cess is achieved by inclusion of at least one Working ?uid additive selected from the group consisting of electron transfer mediator including iron salts, derivatives of iron salts,potassiumsalts,lacticacidsalts,derivativesofpotas siumsalts,derivativesoflacticacidsalts,phyticacid,gallic acid, potassium ferricyanide, polyoxometalates, violuric acid,polycationicprotein,thialoto-bridgedcomplexes,thi olatedcomplexes,metalloproteins,proteincomplexeshav ing an iron-sulfur cluster, trehalose complexes, iron-sulfur cluster, sodium-ammonia, sulfur-ammonia, a chitosan com plexincludingchitosanlactate,chitosanalphalipoicacid, and thiolated chitosan, nanoscale catalyst, electrocatalyst, photocatalyst, electron donor, electron acceptor, ultraviolet absorber,infraredabsorber,quantumdot,nanoscalepoWder, enhancingelectrontransferincludingironsalts,derivatives ofironsalts,potassiumsalts,lacticacidsalts,derivativesof potassiumsalts,derivativesoflacticacidsalts,phyticacid, gallic acid and combinations thereof. [0113] The direct integration and interdependency betWeen the absorption heat pump, poWer generating capa bilities, heat transfer, and numerous resulting co-products requirescontrolsystemsWellbeyondtheautomationprocess requirementsoftraditionalbiomassconversionprocesses. Implementingacontrolsystemhavingnon-linearalgorithms capable of determining the maximum operating revenue in real-timebymonitoringatleastoneparameterselectedfrom the group consisting of cost and price of electricity, cooling costandpriceperbtu,heatingcostandpriceperbtu,carbon dioxideemissioncredits,costandpriceofmethanolperbtu, costandpriceofresultingbiofuelsperbtu,conversionfactor of electricity for electrochemical reactions, and operating parameters of a reverse fuel cell for electrochemical reduc tionofatleastone component ofthebiomass solutionresults in optimization of revenue generation minus operating expenses. [0114] Yetanotherembodimentistheintegrationofan energy extraction device Within the rapid expansion step occurringWithinexplosionsteps(ammonia?berexplosion, steam explosion, supercritical explosion). The result is the concurrent production of electricity and cooling Which ter minatesthehydrolysisprocess.Thepreferredenergyextrac tion device includes a gerotor, pressure exchanger, and quasiturbine. These devices have the distinct advantage of enabling the pressure expansion With minimal impact of the biomass solids. Additional means for reducing the particle size of precipitated cellulose, Which also increases surface area, utilizes a microchannel device having channels less than 10 microns prior to the expansion stage. A preferred embodiment utilizes a rapid expansion step that occurs in a series of independent pressure drop stages comprised of at least a ?rst pressure drop stage and a second pressure drop stage.A particularlypreferredpre-expansionpressureisa pressure greater than the ?uid’s supercritical pressure. The ?rst pressure drop stage has a pressure beloW at least one Working ?uid’s supercritical pressure. The utilization of the at least tWo pressure drop stages enables the maximum energygeneratingcapability(i.e.,transformthermalenergy enthalpy of biomass solution into electricity) While mini mizing viscosity issues associated With complete pressure letdoWnofthepost-pretreatmentbiomass solids.The second pressure drop stage occurs Within a pressure exchanger With high pressure ?uid being the biomass solution from the exit of the pretreatment process and loW pressure ?uid being the biomass solution prior to the pretreatment process, as a means of further increasing the energy balance of the biomass conversion process. [0115] ReferringtoFIG.9isanotherembodimentthat further improves the energy balance by transforming the traditional distillation process for the biofuel process (spe ci?cally ethanol) into an energy producing step having higher e?iciencies than traditional single cycle electricity poWer plants. The non-dehydrated/non-anhydrous ethanol “EtOH”780 is preferably pumped 550 to a pressure above the supercritical pressure of at least one of the components Within the EtOH and H20 solution. The solution 780 is preheated 390 from thermal energy recovered from the Water vapor/liquid 540 isolated by means knoWn in the art including nano?ltration 60 and subsequently heated by a second stage heat source 360. The combined ?uid is noW operatinginthemode ofabinarysolutionOrganicRankine cycle having an anticipated operating e?iciency near 30% While concurrently yielding pure EtOH 785 high pressure supercritical?uidthatisexpandedthroughanenergydevice 70andfurtherevaporated510,preferablybytheevaporator of the aforementioned absorption heat pump. [0116] Yetanotherembodimentistheinfusionofatleast one Working ?uid additive selected from the group consist ing of monomers, polymers solubilized in the at least one Working?uid,microspheres,andnanoscalepoWdershaving particle size less than 100 nanometers. The particularly preferred additives are further comprised of immobilized enzymes, immobilized catalysts, or combinations thereof. Superior additive distribution is achieved by mixing the biomass solution With additives by at least one process intensi?cation mixer including hydrodynamic cavitation devices, spinning disk, and spinning tube in tube. The utilization of microspheres serves multiple purposes includ ing immobilizing enzymes for easy reuse and recovery of enzymes, reducing agglomeration of biomass solids post pretreatment, reducing nanocomposite density While increasingpolymericstrength.Theresultingbiomasssolids, most notably cellulose, are further processed into polymers, copolymers, or block copolymers. [0117] CarbonDioxideSequestrationiAnotherfeatureof the inventive biomass conversion system is the subsequent processing the desorbed carbon dioxide post expansion, as a means of sequestering the carbon dioxide byproduct includ 11PDF Image | United States Patent Application Publication US2007 0161095A1
PDF Search Title:
United States Patent Application Publication US2007 0161095A1Original File Name Searched:
US20070161095.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)