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1. Introduction The three-dimensional flow of radial turbines is extremely complex. Since the turbine was introduced great effort has been invested into modeling this flow and trying to predict the turbine’s performance. Computational fluid dynamics are used extensively throughout the industry, however, more time efficient methods are required. The one- dimensional meanline analysis is one such method. 1.1. Background Turbines are a group of turbomachines which recover energy from a fluid and in turn transform this energy to work. The work can be of various forms, e.g. electrical or mechanical. Turbines exist in different types, such as steam turbines, gas turbines, water turbines, wind turbines or turbochargers. The type used depends greatly on the application and the state of the fluid, which can be either compressible or incompressible. The work is extracted from a fluid at high pressure and temperature and is allowed to expand to a lower pressure level. The expansion ratios can be relatively small or extremely large. Most turbines are composed of several stages and each stage comprises two major parts. A stator,1 and a rotor2. The stator is a fixed section of vanes used to guide the fluid and accelerate it. An acceleration is always followed by an expansion and hence some expansion will always occur in the stator. The rotor is also composed of vanes, however, unlike in the stator they are connected to a shaft. In the rotor the fluid is accelerated, now in the rotating plane, and expanded causing the shaft to rotate. From the shaft it is then possible to extract the work, e.g. by connecting the shaft to a generator and thus producing electricity. While it is possible to design a turbine without a stator, it would undoubtedly lead to a lower thermal efficiency. A further classification of turbines can be done in respect to the amount of expansion occurring in the stator. This concept used is termed reaction and it is defined below. The subscript 1, 2 and 3 are taken as the inlet, the station between stator and rotor and 1The stator is often called a nozzle or guide vanes. 2When discussing radial turbines the rotor is sometimes referred to as the impeller. 1PDF Image | A Detailed Analysis of Radial Turbines
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