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After concluding that the modeling and simulating should be performed using similar conditions to the tests, the second turbine was modeled and simulated in this manner. The comparison in mass flow and total-to-total efficiency can be seen in figures 4.10 and 4.9. The results are similar to those of the first turbine, and shows that the good agreement, achieved for the first turbine, was not a coincidence. The total-to-total efficiency was only measured using the torque on the shaft in the tests on the second turbine, as opposed to the first turbine where the efficiency also was measured using the heat drop, and it can be seen that for small expansion ratios, there is fairly large discrepancy. From the simulations it is concluded that there are a few parameters which have large influence on how the results from a simulation are affected. The surface roughness is hard to measure and it was estimated for the simulations. The same surface roughness was used for all components for both turbines. The first turbine’s tip was scalloped, however, it is not possible to model that in ”RIFT”. It is assumed that the overestimating of the efficiency which this leads to is compensated by a to high surface roughness. Another feature which is often implemented in radial turbines is the usage of variable nozzle vanes. Neither this feature is possible to model in ”RIFT”. The geometry which was used to model the turbines in ”RIFT” was taken from the aerodynamic design. As mentioned in chapter 4.1.3 it is possible for errors to arise during either manufacturing or when the drawing is produced leading to that the simulated and tested geometry deviate from one another. The existence of measurement errors should not be underestimated and it should be clear that the results from the tests probably are not fully accurate, particularly when the turbines are run with small expansion ratios. Finally it should be clear that, however good the results are, it would be naive to think that a mean-line analysis is able to predict the performance with the accuracy of a CFD analysis. Instead the mean-line analysis should be used as a quick way of estimating trends. With that in mind the results of this thesis are promising. The second big objective of this thesis was to develop an aerodynamic design of a radial turbine similar to the design of the second turbine from the first part the thesis. This has been accomplished in two steps. First a preliminary design was produced. The off- design performance was simulated and a blade-to-blade analysis was performed at the turbine’s design point. Based on the results from those analyses, the design was revised in a detailed design. The detailed design shows promise and it was developed with a relatively small amount of time and effort making the design tool preferable to use when designing radial turbines. More studies should be performed to ensure the accuracy of the mean-line program, however, the results presented in this thesis are promising. 68PDF Image | A Detailed Analysis of Radial Turbines
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