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Energies 2020, 13, 2118 17 of 19 7. Conclusions In this study, a preliminary design algorithm for ORC radial outflow turbines was presented. This algorithm uses models of axial turbines due to the absence of enthalpy loss models and deviation angle models for radial outflow turbines. As a result of evaluating the algorithm through CFD, the algorithm showed an accuracy of about 95% based on the turbine power. That is, it was realized that models derived from the axial turbine are also effective in the preliminary design of the radial outflow turbine. Due to the high accuracy of the algorithm developed in this study, the designed turbine could satisfy the target power (400.0 kW) and total-to-static efficiency (85.0%) by fine-tuning the blade angle of the nozzle exit. In addition, the off-design performance for various operation conditions was examined in this study. Through off-design analysis, it is considered that the appropriate ranges of velocity ratio, loading coefficient, and flow coefficient that can expect high efficiency in a radial outflow turbine are 0.57β0.70, 0.85β1.30, and 0.34β0.41, respectively. The findings of this study are expected to be a useful reference in the design of radial outflow turbines for organic Rankine cycles. Nomenclature ππ Radial chord ππ πΆπΆ Absolute velocity πππ π ππ True chord ππ Pressure Pressure ratio Radius Reynolds number Entropy, Pitch Temperature Blade thickness Temperature ratio Peripheral velocity Relative velocity Turbine power Dynamic viscosity Velocity ratio Enthalpy loss coefficient Density Flow coefficient Loading coefficient Angular velocity πΆπΆ0 Spouting velocity π π π π π·π·h Hydraulic diameter π π π»π» Height ππ h Enthalpy π‘π‘ π π Incidence angle πππ π ππ Mach number ππ ππΜ Mass flow rate ππ Μ ππ Number of blades ππ ππ Throat Greeks πΌπΌ Absolute flow angle ππ π½π½ Relative flow angle ππ π½π½ππ Gauging angle ππ πΏπΏ Deviation angle ππ ππ Deflection angle ππ ππ Loss coefficient ππ ππ Efficiency ππ 0 Total state 00 Total state at station 0 Subscripts πππ π π π ππ Nozzle π π Rotor 1 Nozzle inlet 2 Nozzle exit & Rotor inlet 3 Rotor exit ππ Blade Minimum πππ π π π π π πππ π Design point ππ Meridional component π π Isentropic π‘π‘π π Total to static π‘π‘π‘π‘ Total to total ππππππ Maximum ππ Tangential component ππ RelativePDF Image | Analysis of a Radial Outflow Turbine for Organic Rankine Cycles
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