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7 As previously stated, the ORC system is a promising technology forconverting low- to medium-heat sources into electricity. However, unlike conventional turbines, the real thermodynamic properties of the working fluid should be considered when designing the turbine. Such considerationmakes the design procedure more difficult than the available conventional methodologies. Moreover, the turbine is a component within a larger system (i.e., ORC). Therefore, cycle analysis should be considered during the turbinedesign stage. A performance map of the turbine should also be generated to investigate itseffect on the whole cycle performance at off-design conditions. For this investigation, a novel design methodology forradial-inflow turbine was developed and is presented in detail in Chapter 5. 1.1.4 Design Considerations for Radial Turbines In designing radial-inflow turbines, the design point is first defined by a specific set of inlet conditions. In ORC applications, these input conditions are defined by the exit conditions of the evaporator. New turbine geometry is created for each set of input conditions. In real-life applications, the turbine geometry is fixed. Therefore, the turbine geometryshould be optimised and its performance at different operating points investigated before manufacturing. In heat sources such as ICEs, the thermodynamic parameters of the exhaust gas, such as mass flow rate and temperature,can vary widely with time. This variance causes heat sources to become unstable and uncontrollable. Therefore, the performance behaviour of aturbine when the machine runs at off-design rotational speeds, mass flow rates, and pressure ratios should be accurately predicted. However, there is a scarcity of information in open literature regarding the mean-line modelling to obtain the off-design performance of ORC turbines, a point confirmed in [13] and [14].This work had the primary aim of developing a novel design methodology for radial turbine expanders for ORC applications that could be validated through a range of computational and experimental tools described in later chapters.PDF Image | Automotive Radial Turbine Expander Design WHR
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