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47 (2-3) Figure 2-11 and Figure 2-12 present the results of the papers studied in Figure 2-4, Figure 2-5, Figure 2-6, Figure 2-7, Figure 2-9 and Figure 2-10. The performance of expanders as a function of specific speed 𝑁𝑠is presented, where 𝑁𝑠is calculated by equation (2-3). Given the power, speed and flow rate in the selected studies, the calculation is straightforward. Although roughly, Figure 2-11 and Figure 2-12 together can be a useful guide forselecting the most appropriate type of expansion machine in ORC applications. Generally, the positive displacement of expanders ispreferred for low values of specific speed (0.003 ≤ 𝑁𝑠 ≤ 0.1). Meanwhile, turbo-machines are optimum candidates for higher values of 𝑁𝑠(0.4 ≤ 𝑁𝑠 ≤ 1) . In steam Rankine cycles, the enthalpy drop is relatively higher than that in ORCs. In addition, the volume flow rate at the expander exit is lower. Therefore, the specific speed values for ORC expanders are higher than those in steam Rankine cycles based on equation(2-3). Clearly, scroll expanders present good machine performance for all ranges of power outputs when the specific speed 𝑁𝑠 is in the range 0.006 to 0.008. Figure 2-12also shows that rotary vane expanders present similar 𝑁𝑠 values for various power outputs with optimum performance when the specific speed ( 𝑁𝑠 ) values fall in the range 0.012 to 0.037. Similarly, piston expanders are studied for applications with power outputs in the range 0.3– 2 kW. The values of specific speed 𝑁𝑠 fall in the range 0.0048–0.006. Screw expanders are investigated at low- to medium-power applications. The power outputs fall in the range of 1–17 kW. Specific speed 𝑁𝑠 values are limited within 0.01–0.09. Overall, PDEs are preferred for low values of specific speed 𝑁𝑠 . For very low 𝑁𝑠 values, scroll and piston expanders are nominated. For slightly higher values, rotary vane and screw expanders are preferable. 𝑁𝑠 = 𝜔 𝑄 ∆0.75 𝑎𝑐𝑡PDF Image | Automotive Radial Turbine Expander Design WHR
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