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90 Figure 4-4:Configurations of the turbine casing. A stator or nozzle consists of an annular ring of vanes, which set the angle of approach of the working fluid to the rotor [231]. The main function of the nozzle vanes is to guide the flow, accelerate it, and remove any circumferential non-uniformity. The presence of stator vanes depends on whether a collector or volute is used in the upstream component. In the case of a collector, stator vanes are mandatory to turn, accelerate and deliver the flow to the rotor at the correct angle. In some applications, such as turbochargers, stator vanes are omitted because of cost and size constraints,in which case, the volute is spiralled. In addition to the presence of stator vanes, the shape of the turbine casing dictates the shape of the vane nozzles. They can be either cambered or un-cambered, as shown in Figure 4-5. Cambered vanes are usually applied when the nozzle ring is preceded by a collector; therefore, cambered vanes are required to provide the required swirl in the rotor inlet. Un-cambered vanes are utilised when they are preceded by a volute that introduces some swirl to the flow. In many current radial turbines, the stator vanes are un-cambered due to their design simplicity and low manufacturing cost. The expansion ratios of ORC turbines are usually high due to the low speed of sound of the organic fluids; therefore, a large swirl at the rotor inlet is required, which necessitates the utilisation of cambered vanes in the current work.PDF Image | Automotive Radial Turbine Expander Design WHR
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