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193 6.3.6.3 Discussion of the CFD Results Design Point The aim of the CFD simulation at the design point is to validate the mean- line model, and to study the flow field within the turbine stage. Therefore, the computational results for the rotor of the turbine were compared with mean-line analysis as presented inTable 6-1. ANSYS provides a summary of the mass or area averaged solution variables (mass averaged variables: total pressure and temperature and static temperature. Area averaged variables: static pressure and velocities), and derived quantities (such as total to static efficiency) computed at the inlet and exit of each component of the turbine. These values, which are shown inTable 6-1, were selected as comparison variables between the 1D and 3D simulations. As shown in Table 6-1, maximum deviations of 6.15% and 6.7% were noticed in rotor inlet absolute velocity and exit velocities, respectively, between the CFD and the mean-line model. This is justified by the assumption of the isentropic flow through the stator as shown in equation(5-39). As a result, at fixed mass flow rate (design point), the meridional velocity increased to conserve the mass as shown in equation (5-13). This increase in the meridional velocity results in higher absolute velocity. This is not the case in the CFD analysis where the stagnation pressure drop in the stator was taken into account; therefore, the flow is not isentropic as shown in Figure 6-15. Therefore, a significant difference was noticed between the CFD and 1D analyses. Similar analysis was performed by White [13]. He compared the total and static conditions, mass flow rate, velocities and efficiencies of the mean-line model with his CFD results. A very good agreement was achieved between the 1D and CFD results. The deviation between the total to static efficiency in White’s results was 0.15%, while it was 0.75% in the current results. Compared to 6.15% deviation of the velocity in the current results, the deviation in Martin’s case was 7.5%. His higher deviation was due to the assumption of constant stagnation pressure between the stator exit and rotor inlet (P03 = P04). This also justifies the higher deviation in the estimation of the static pressure at rotor inlet which was 6.3%, compared to 3.2% in the current simulation.PDF Image | Automotive Radial Turbine Expander Design WHR
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