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220 8.1 Introduction Although the electric vehicle is a new concept in the world of cars, some concerns, such as limited range, lack of power, long refuelling time and higher cost (vehicles and battery packs), are still surrounding its use on the road. In addition, electric vehicles indirectly cause pollution because of the toxic fumes generated by the toxic elements in the batteries. Therefore, improving the current technology (i.e. ICEs) by means of WHR technologies is important because the transport sector has not yet altered its near-total dependence on petroleum fuels. One of the promising and reliable WHR technologies is ORC, which can recover wasted heat in low to medium applications, such ICEs. In this regard, expansion machine is the key component among the other ORC components because it is the interface where power conversion occurs. Therefore, its performance has a significant impact on the overall efficiency of the cycle. 8.2 Conclusions The main aim of this work was to develop a performance prediction methodology using mean-line analysis for ORC radial-inflow turbines. To achieve this aim, a comprehensive literature review of the current expansion machines in ORC-ICE applications was undertaken. The outcome of the literature review necessitated the development of the proposed design methodology due to the unstable and uncontrollable conditions of the heat source. The key findings and contributions of the current research are summarised as follows: The effect of ORC as WHR technologies in ICEs was investigated by constructing two models. The first model intensively investigated the effects of radial turbine characteristics on the ORC system and the ICE. Results showed that the performance of ORC varied substantially by altering the operating conditions at the turbine inlet or by replacing the working fluid. The results of the first model also proved that the assumption of the constant expander’s efficiency,PDF Image | Automotive Radial Turbine Expander Design WHR
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