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applied sciences Article An Integrated Design and Optimization Approach for Radial Inflow Turbines—Part I: Automated Preliminary Design Qing-Hua Deng 1,2 , Shuai Shao 3, Lei Fu 1, Hai-Feng Luan 3 and Zhen-Ping Feng 1,* 1 2 3 * Correspondence: zpfeng@mail.xjtu.edu.cn Received: 31 August 2018; Accepted: 22 October 2018; Published: 24 October 2018 Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory of Turbomachinery and Power Equipment, Institute of Turbomachinery, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; qhdeng@mail.xjtu.edu.cn (Q.-H.D.); leifu@mail.xjtu.edu.cn (L.F.) Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Aero-Engine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China China Shipbuilding New Power Co., Ltd., Beijing 100097, China; shaoshuai@csic-np.com (S.S.); luanhaifeng@csic-np.com (H.-F.L.) Featured Application: An automated preliminary design approach is proposed for radial inflow turbines. It can be applied to the design of micro gas turbines, turbochargers, auxiliary power units, and other power equipment using a radial inflow turbine. Abstract: An integrated design and optimization approach was developed for radial inflow turbines, which consists of two modules, an automated preliminary design module, and a flexible three-dimensional multidisciplinary optimization module. In this paper, the first module about the automated preliminary design approach was presented in detail and validated by the experimental data. The approach employs a genetic algorithm to explore the design space defined by the loading coefficient, flow coefficient, and rotational speed. The aim is to obtain the best design scheme with high aerodynamic performance under specified constraints and to reduce the dependency on human experiences when designing a radial inflow turbine. The validation results show that the present approach is able to get the optimal design and alleviate the dependence on the designer’s expertise under specified constraints at the preliminary design stage. Furthermore, the optimization results indicate that using the present optimization approach the total-to-static efficiency of the optimized T-100 radial inflow turbine can be increased by 1.0% under design condition and the rotor weight can be decreased by 0.35 kg (26.7%) as compared with that of the original case. Keywords: radial inflow turbine; preliminary design; genetic algorithm; multidisciplinary optimization 1. Introduction Radial inflow turbines are widely used in engineering practices such as turbochargers, auxiliary power units (APU), micro gas turbines and space power units due to their compact design, high efficiency and high power-to-weight ratio [1–4]. Moreover, the integrated configuration of the radial inflow turbine rotor makes it easy to fabricate and contributes to the rotor dynamic stability. As a key component of small power units, the radial inflow turbine has been paid much attention, and its design approaches are always evolving for improving aerodynamic performance and shortening the design period though it is a classical problem. The preliminary design is the first step to designing radial inflow turbines, and it is usually based on one-dimensional flow analysis and empirical correlations [5–8]. Ye et al. [9] used the Appl. Sci. 2018, 8, 2038; doi:10.3390/app8112038 www.mdpi.com/journal/applsciPDF Image | Design and Optimization Approach for Radial Inflow Turbines
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