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4. CONCLUSIONS It has been highlighted that the radial outflow turbine is a solution well matching with the typical ORC process characteristics, i.e. high molecular weight, low speed of sound and limited volumetric expansion ratio. Furthermore, for a 2 MW case with the rotational speed of 3000 rpm, a study of the fluid-dynamics of this configuration has been carried out, firstly with mean line 1D methods and then with a CFD 3D simulation. As a result of this analysis, because of the feature of having more stages on a single disk, fluid expansion is characterized by lower losses and dissipations compared to the axial turbine. Consequently, the radial outflow turbine in some ORC applications can be more efficient than the axial one. Future development of this work should focus on investigating the behavior of the ORC radial outflow turbine in off-design conditions, better if by a comparison with the axial overhung one. REFERENCES ANSYS, 2013, “ANSYS CFX-Solver Modeling Guide”. Ainley D.G. and Mathieson G.C.R., 1951, “A method of Performance Estimation for Axial-Flow Turbines”, R&M 2974, Aeronautical Research Council, London. Daily J.W. and Nece R.E., 1960, “Chamber Dimension Effects on Induced Flow and Frictional Resistance of Enclosed Rotating Disk”, Trans. ASME, J. of Basic Engineering, Mar, pp. 217-232. Dixon S.L., 1998, "Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Machinery", Elsevier. Duden A., Raab I. and Fottner L., 1999, “Controlling the Secondary Flow in a Turbine Cascade by a Three-Dimensional Airfoil Design and Endwall Contouring”, ASME, J. of Turbomachinery, April, pp. 191-199. Dunham J. and Came P.M., 1970, “Improvements to the Ainley-Mathieson Method of Turbine Performance Prediction”, Trans. ASME, J. of Engineering for Power, July, pp. 252-256. Egli A., 1935, “The Leakage of Steam Through Labyrinth Glands”, Trans. ASME, 57, pp. 115-122. Frassinetti M., Rizzi D., Serafino A., Centemeri L. and Spadacini, C., 2013, "Operational Results of the World’s First Orc Radial Outflow Turbine, and its Future Development", in Proc. of 2nd Int. Sem. on ORC Power Systems, Oct., Rotterdam. Gyftopoulus E.P. and Beretta G.P., 1991, “Thermodynamics: Foudations and Applications”, MacMillan Publishing Company, New York. Gregory-Smith, D. G., Walsh, J. A., Graves, C. P., and Fulton, K. P., 1988, “Turbulence Measurements and Endwall Flows in a Turbine Rotor Cascade,” ASME J. Turbomach., Vol.110. Hinze, J. O., 1975, Turbulence, 2nd ed., McGraw-Hill, New York. Horlock J.H., 1966, “Axial-Flow Turbines”, Butterwoths, London. Kacker S.C. and Okapuu U., 1981, “A Mean Line Prediction Method for Axial Flow Turbine Efficiency”, Paper No. 81-GT-58, ASME, New York. Lakshminarayana B., 1986, "Fluid Dynamic and Heat Transfer of Turbomachinery", J. Wiley & Sons. Macchi E., 2013, “The Choice Of Working Fluid: The Most Important Step For A Successful Organic Rankine Cycle (And An Efficient Turbine)”, in Proc. of 2nd Int. Sem. on ORC Power Systems, Oct., Rotterdam. Moore, J., Shaffer, D. M., and Moore, J. G., 1987, “Reynolds Stresses and Dissipation Mechanisms Downstream of a Turbine Cascade,” ASME J. Turbomach., 109, pp. 258–267. Moran M.J. and Shapiro H.N., 2004, "Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics",5th Ed.,Wiley. Moustapha H., Zelesky M. F., Baines N. C. and Japiske D., 2003, "Axial and Radial Turbines", Concepts ETI. NIST, 2013, "Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties—REFPROP Version 9.1". Persico G., Pini M., Dossena V. and Gaetani P., 2013, “Aerodynamic Design and Analysis of Centrifugal Turbine Cascade”, in ASME Turbo Expo 2013, Paper No. GT2013-95770. Pini M., Persico G., Casati E. and Dossena V., 2013, “Preliminary Design of a Centrifugal Turbine for ORC Applications”, ASME J. Eng. Gas Turb. Power, Apr., Vol. 115. Pini M., Spinelli A., Persico G., and Rebay S., 2015, "Consistent look-up table interpolation method for real-gas flow simulations", Computers & Fluids, Jan., Vol. 107, pp. 178–188. 3rd International Seminar on ORC Power Systems, October 12-14, 2015, Brussels, Belgium Paper ID: 118, Page 9PDF Image | FLUID-DYNAMICS OF THE ORC RADIAL OUTFLOW TURBINE
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