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Here axial inlet flow is assumed; To is the plenum total tem- perature; and r/2,i = l.O was initially assumed. No attempt was made to account for the loss in the vaneless space up to the measurement station. The accuracy of this estimated total tem- perature at the rotor exit was checked against measurements acquired (Hathaway, Wood, and Wasserbauer (1992)) before the diffuser hub contour was modified (see fig. 14). Figure 14, which compares the Euler-based temperature with the measured temperature, indicates that the Euler temperature is within +0.4 percent of the measured temperature, and thus within the measurement uncertainty, except near the hub. Rotor Blade Static Pressure Measurements The rotor blade static pressures were measured in the rotat- ing frame of reference by piezoelectric pressure sensors located near the rotor centerline. The pressure sensors were connected by pneumatic tubing to their corresponding static pressure taps on the blade surface. Since the column of air in the pneumatic tubing was subjected to centrifugal bead effects, the pressure measured by the pressure sensor had to be cor- rected to account for the "head" term. The pressure for each static pressure tap was corrected as follows (Fagan and Fleeter (1991)): Laser Anemometer Measurements The laser anemometer velocity measurements acquired along a line that passes through a given axial and radial (z,r) location can be represented by the following array: P___L= exp Psen - rs2en (3) LZRti _ where _ is the rotational speed in radians per second: ri is the radius of ith static tap; rsen is the radius of the pressure sensor located near the rotor centerline; Psen is the pressure measured by the pressure sensor; Pi is the pressure at the radius of the ith static tap; t i is the temperature of the air in the pneumatic tub- ing corresponding to the ith static tap; and R is the universal gas constant for air. The temperature of the air in the pneu- matic tubing was assumed equal to the temperature of the air in the rotor channel at the static tap location. And the temperature of the air at the static tap location was estimated as the temperature that would be calculated from isentropic energy addition: (7-1) ti=T,tp I Y (4) k o/ The preceding two equations were iterated until ti changed by less than 0.001 percent. The assumed temperature of the air in the pneumatic tubing (taken to be equal to the temperature of the air in the rotor channel at the static tap location) was compared with various estimated linear and quadratic temperature distributions along the tube. The differences in Pi as determined with the assumed temperature were estimated to be less than 4-0.5 percent. window were calculated as follows: _ff(j)= NN_1(j) for j=l,2 ..... NWN* NP and NM(j) i'_= I Vf(i,j) Vf(j,='NM[(j)I _ l "_".='"(Vf(i,j)-_f(j) ):] Vf(i,j) (5) for i = 1,2 ..... NM(j) is the ith measurement of the velocity component in the fringe normal direction in window j, and NM(j) is the number of measurements acquired in window j. The total number of mea- surement windows is NWN*NP, where NWN is the number of measurement windows across one rotor pitch, and NP is the number of rotor blade passages that were surveyed. As men- tioned previously, for all of the data reported herein, NWN = 200 and NP = 20. The velocities can be corrected to standard-day conditions by using the relation Vf(i,j) (6) vf,(Lj)= where Vfc and Vf are the corrected and uncorrected velocities, respectively, and tstd and To are the standard-day and plenum total temperatures, respectively. The c subscript notation will be dropped in the following discussion for simplicity; how- ever, all velocities should be understood to be standard-day corrected. Ensemble-averaging.--The mean and standard deviation of the velocity measurements acquired within each measurement andj = 1,2 ..... NWN*NP and where Vf (ij) forj = 1,2 ..... NWN*NP, where V(j)and Vf(j) are, respec- tively, the circumferential distributions of the ensemble- averaged velocity component and the rms unsteadiness in the fringe normal direction across each of the NP blade passages surveyed. The ensemble-averaging period was one rotor revo- lution. (7)PDF Image | Laser anemometer measurements of the three-dimensional rotor flow
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