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An alternator is attached to the middle of the shaft in order to control the rotational speed of the expander. And to cool the alternator, a water-cooling jacket is equipped. A pair of axial magnetic bearings is arranged at the lower end of the alternator. The radial magnetic bearings and auxiliary bearings are located outside of the alternator and axial bearings. A turbine impeller is mounted on the bottom of the shaft. All the cables of the alternator and magnetic bearings are connected to a power supply through three hermetic connectors. A thermal insulator to reduce heat in-leak is equipped at the back of the impeller. The turbine housing including the rotor and the impeller can be pulled out from the cold box of the refrigerator. Two types of impellers were made in this research and their photographs are shown in FIGURE 2. Throat area of impeller outlet is extremely small in small impellers. Therefore their impellers were made to compare the influence of throat area on turbine efficiencies. The impeller type-B is composed of 8 full blades and 8 splitter blades to extend the throat area of impeller outlet. There are certain velocity relations which affect the performance of turbo-expander. One of them is U/Co, the ratio of peripheral velocity (U) to the theoretical velocity (Co) calculated from turbine isentropic head. The optimum value of U/Co found in a radial turbine is the range of 0.65 ~ 0.70 [9]. So, U/C0 was determined to be 0.68 in these impellers. U/C0 is defined as below. Where U D n (1) C0 2 hin houtS U: Peripheral velocity; D: Impeller diameter; hin: Turbine inlet enthalpy houtS: Turbine outlet enthalpy after isentropic expansion C0: Spouting velocity n: Rotational speed Rotational speed and impeller diameter were determined on the basis of U/C0 = 0.68. FIGURE 3 shows the relation between rotational speed and impeller diameter at U/C0 = 0.68. For larger impeller, we can choose lower rotational speed in FIGURE 3. But the larger the impeller diameter is, the lower the blade height is, and also the influence of leakage loss in the impeller becomes significant. The impeller diameter of 25 mm was selected and the rotational speed was fixed at 1550 rev/sec based on FIGURE 3. Blade height at the outer diameter of turbine impeller is 1.5 mm. The clearance between blades Type-A Type-B FIGURE 2. The photographs of 25 mm turbine impellers, Type-A: 16 full blades, Type-B: 8 full blades and 8 splitter blades 898PDF Image | NEON CRYOGENIC TURBO-EXPANDER WITH MAGNETIC BEARINGS
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