Numerical computations of the unsteady flow in a radial turbine

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Numerical computations of the unsteady flow in a radial turbine ( numerical-computations-unsteady-flow-a-radial-turbine )

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3.2. THE STATOR 13 Figure 3.2. The volute for a twin-scroll turbine. This implies that for a given flow capacity the volute with a nozzle can be smaller for a given acceleration and turning of the fluid. Nozzle-less volutes have the advantage to be simpler and cheaper, but the disadvantage that the relative inlet angle to wheel will not be uniform around the wheel, leading to deterioration of the efficiency due to increased incidence losses according to Winterbone et al. (1991). Spence et al. (2007) conducted an experimental investigation to compare the performance of vaned and vane-less volutes. They used three vane-less and three vaned volutes and for all the tested volutes, the same turbine wheel and diffuser was used. For each vane-less volute, which was designed for a specific pressure ratio, a corresponding volute with vanes was designed. They tested the different designs in non-pulsatile flow for pressure ratios over the turbine from 1.2 to 3.6, and the results show that the vane-less stators gave the best efficiency at all tested operation points. At the design points, the efficiency advantage was between 2% and 3.5%. For spark ignition (SI) engines designed for passenger cars, the wide op- erating range of the IC engine implies that the turbocharger is matched for a relative low engine speed and to limit the pressure ratio over the turbine at high engine speeds, parts of the exhaust gases are by-passed the turbine wheel by opening the waste-gate valve. This also limits the shaft power de- veloped by the turbine, and hence, limiting the pressure at the inlet to the IC engine. A more advanced way to extend the operating range of the turbine is

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