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Numerical computations of the unsteady flow in a radial turbine

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Numerical computations of the unsteady flow in a radial turbine ( numerical-computations-unsteady-flow-a-radial-turbine )

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20 3. TURBOCHARGERS, WITH FOCUS ON THE TURBINE since the rotational speed of the rotor is almost constant, whereas the variation of U/Cs is from low values of approximately 0.2 to high values above 1 (when the pressure ratio is equal to one, the isentropic velocity will be zero), which is far away from the optimal value of approximately 0.7. Figure 3.7. Computed shaft power vs. mass flow at inlet. For turbines operating under pulsatile flow conditions, the mean efficiency is lower compared to non-pulsatile flow conditions for the same mass flow and pressure ratio, but the instantaneous performance can be both higher and lower, see for example Winterbone et al. (1990), Winterbone et al. (1991), Dale & Wat- son (1986) and Capobianco & Gambarotta (1990). But it must be emphasized that it is very hard to compute the isentropic efficiency in an accurate way, due to the phase shift between pressure and mass flow and the time it takes for the energy to propagate from the measuring point to the turbine wheel. It is also hard to measure the time dependent shaft power. Winterbone et al. (1991) investigated the performance of a radial turbine in both non-pulsatile and pulsatile flow. The frequency of the pulsatile flow was 35 Hz. To measure the time dependent shaft power, they used an hydraulic dynamometer in combination with the knowledge of the varying angular veloc- ity. The time resolved shaft torque is then the sum of the mean shaft torque obtained from the hydraulic dynamometer and the product of the moment of inertia of the rotating part and the time derivate of the angular velocity. By analyzing the measured pressure distribution around the volute for both non- pulsatile and pulsatile operating conditions, they concluded that the flow in

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