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24 3. TURBOCHARGERS, WITH FOCUS ON THE TURBINE the source can be made. Benson (1974) also noticed pressure fluctuations down- stream of the turbine diffuser for pulsatile inlet conditions. He also concluded that the non-steady performance of the turbine deviates from the quasi-steady assumption. He based his result on measurements of the turbine performance from both non-pulsatile and pulsatile inlet conditions. The only time resolved three-dimensional numerical investigation of the flow field and the performance of radial turbines working at rotational speeds that are common for small automotive IC engines that has been found in the available literature has been performed by Lam et al. (2002). In their study, they used time resolved three-dimensional numerical computations to investi- gate the performance of a nozzled radial turbine with a rotor tip diameter of 47.04 mm. They only investigated one operational point, where the frequency of the pulsatile inlet flow corresponded to engine speed of 1600 rpm and the turbine rotational speed was set to 136 000 rpm. The tip gaps between the blades and the shroud was neglected, which of course affects the accuracy of the results. They also used the “frozen rotor” wheel modelling approach, which imply that blade passage effects are not taken into account. No investigations of the influence of different frequencies and amplitudes on the time-resolved three-dimensional flow field and the performance of radial turbines working at rotational speed in the range of approximately 80 000-300 000 rpm has been found. Therefore, a numerical study has been performed to investigate the ef- fects of different frequencies and amplitudes of the pulsatile flow at the turbine inlet. The results from the time-resolved three-dimensional computations have been analyzed with focus on the turbine performance and the flow field. For these computations, the secondary flow at the inlet was neglected. To assess the effects of secondary flow at the inlet, a numerical study has also been per- formed with different perturbations applied at the inlet to the turbine. The different cases and the results are presented in Chapter 5.PDF Image | Numerical computations of the unsteady flow in a radial turbine
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