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34 4. METHODS rotational speed for the rotor was 97 897 rpm and a fixed mass flow was specified at the inlet. Grid number 1 2 3 4 Number of cells in the rotor 76 662 297 648 541 008 968 229 Averaged cell size (mm) 0.65 0.42 0.34 0.28 Shaft torque (Nm) 0.362 0.276 0.287 0.290 Pressure drop (kPa) 30.90 30.28 29.86 29.83 Table 1. Computational accuracy study. As can be 4 is monotone and the uncertainty for the shaft torque for the finest grid is about seven percent and for the pressure drop 0.3%. The resolution for the computations for the complete turbine cannot be as fine as it was for grid 4 in the accuracy study, due to the computation time. The used grid for the complete turbine has the same resolution of the wheel region as grid number 2 in the accuracy study. 4.5. Comparison of computed and measured data The numerical accuracy studies do not state if the used numerical method computes the correct results or not. To do so, the results have to be compared to measured or computed data. In Paper 1, the computed results were compared to measured data for the flow in a single bent pipe. The measurements were performed by Sudo et al. (1998), and the same geometry and bulk velocity was used in the computations. Three different turbulence models were tested, a k − ε-RNG RANS turbulence model, Smagorinsky LES turbulence model and Implicit LES and the results show that the Implicit LES gave the best agreement with measured data, see Figure 5.3. Since no measurements of the flow field for the used turbine were available, the computed performance for the turbine was compared to data that was reported in the turbine map from the supplier for the actual turbine, c.f. Paper 2. Keeping in mind the used wall boundary conditions, the uncertainty of the inlet conditions and the numerical uncertainty, the results show fairly good agreement. In Paper 2 different causes for the differences in the results are discussed. The used code have also been used to investigate the performance and the flow field in turbines by Palfreyman & Martinez-Botas (2005), who investigated seen in Table 1, the convergence for grid numbers 2, 3, andPDF Image | Numerical computations of the unsteady flow in a radial turbine
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