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CHAPTER 5 Results In this chapter, the most important and interesting results from the performed studies will be discussed. To start with, the results from the pipe flow study are presented, followed by the results from the investigation of the unsteady flow into a radial turbine of a turbocharger. 5.1. Non-pulsatile and pulsatile flow in curved pipes Two different geometries have been used in this study, see Figure 5.1. One geometry is similar to a runner on an exhaust manifold and the results from the investigation are used to get proper inlet conditions to the computations for the radial turbine. The results from the used code have also been compared to the measured data from the experiments performed by Sudo et al. (1998). When verifying computations against measured data, it is always hard to know if the used inlet conditions are the same as in the experiment. For example, the decay of vortices and swirl in pipes is slow, which has been showed in different studies, see for example Anwer & Lai (1989), Mattingly & Yeh (1991), Steenbergen & Voskamp (1998) and Najafi et al. (2005). Therefore, an investigation of the influence of the inlet conditions on the flow field has also been carried out. 5.1.1. Method and computed cases The Navier-Stokes equations have been solved numerically and different tur- bulence modeling approaches have been considered; the RANS and the LES approach. In the RANS computations, the k- ε RNG turbulence model has been used. The second order MARS scheme has been used for spatial dis- cretization of the non-linear terms. Euler implicit temporal discretization is employed for integration of the momentum equations in time. The pressure is updated in each time-step, through the PISO procedure. For the LES computations, two different subgrid scale modelling approaches have been used; the Smagorinsky model and Implicit LES. Different spatial dis- cretization schemes have been tested, where the central difference scheme gives oscillations. Even a blended central difference scheme introduced wiggles. The 36PDF Image | Numerical computations of the unsteady flow in a radial turbine
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