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38 5. RESULTS 5.1.2. Non-pulsatile flow in a single bent pipe The time mean flow obtained from the LES computations shows that the Dean vortices are created at φ≈30◦, which is at the same location as reported in the experiment performed by Sudo et al. (1998). At the exit of the bend, the time mean secondary flow consists of the counter-rotating Dean vortices with the centres located in the lower part of the pipe, as shown in Figure 5.2. The axial velocity has a C-shaped distribution in the cross-stream plane, with its maxi- mum at the outer part of the bend. The Dean vortices dominate the secondary flow at the region downstream of the bend and the vortex cores are moving up against the centre of the pipe when they are convected downstream. 10 pipe diameters downstream of the bend, the vortices have almost dissipated and the axial velocity distribution is still C-shaped at this location. The instantaneous secondary flow at the exit plane of the bend is not symmetric and at certain instants up to 6 vortices, where two of them are counter-rotating with respect to the Dean vortices, is observed. The vortices are meandering in the cross- stream plane and the C-shaped axial velocity contour is meandering from one side of the pipe to the other side and the Dean vortices at each side move up and down with varying strength. The axial velocity and the location of the Dean vortices is varying with a Strouhal number of approximately 2, where the Strouhal number here is based on the bulk velocity and the pipe radius. Figure 5.2. The counter-rotating Dean vortices at the outlet of the bend. Contour: axial velocity component, vector: In- plane velocity components.PDF Image | Numerical computations of the unsteady flow in a radial turbine
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