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5.1. NON-PULSATILE AND PULSATILE FLOW IN CURVED PIPES 41 vortices from the first bend interacts with the swirling motion, while the other has been dissipated. Further downstream, the strength of the Dean vortices from the second bend are decaying, but they still have an influence on the main secondary swirling motion, which is not symmetric, as shown in Figure 5.4. The figure depicts the isosurface of the vortices using the λ2 criterion for defining a vortex (Jeong & Hussain (1995)). The location of the centre of the swirling motion is not stationary in the cross-stream plane during one pulse and the strength of the swirling motion at the outlet varies with the amplitude of the axial flow. During the last part of the deceleration phase at the inlet, flow reversal occurs in the boundary layer at walls of the pipe, while the flow in the centre part of the pipe is not reversed, as shown in Figure 5.5. Figure 5.4. λ2 showing the different structures in the pipe. As mentioned above, pulsating flow gives a phase shift between the bulk flow and the pressure. The phase shift is not constant during the pulse period. For the LES computation the corresponding range of phase lag is between 19◦ and 52◦. The maximum phase shift occurs when the inlet flow changes direction, and the minimum phase shift occurs when the mass flow reaches its maximum at the inlet. At minimum phase shift, the turbulent energy is much higher than it is when maximum phase shift occurs, which is in agreement with the conclusions by Ramaprian & Tu (1983).PDF Image | Numerical computations of the unsteady flow in a radial turbine
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