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42 5. RESULTS Figure 5.5. Instantaneous axial velocity component, showing the effect of pulsating flow with reversed flow near the wall. 5.2. Unsteady flow in a radial turbine 5.2.1. Method and geometry For the turbines computations, the ILES approach has been used. This ap- proach is much more computationally expensive as compared with RANS ap- proach. However, the most energetic turbulent scales are resolved and thereby one gets more information about the unsteady flow in the turbine. It also en- ables one to use Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) of the time-resolved flow field. The results from the POD can be used when developing a low order model for the turbine. The results from the LES computations can also be used to extract the acoustical source terms that can be used to compute the noise generation in the turbine. As in the pipe cases, the second order MARS scheme has been used for spatial discretization of the convection terms. For the tem- poral discretization the first order implicit Euler scheme has been employed. The pressure has been updated using the PISO algorithm at each time-step. The wheel is modelled by the sliding mesh technique, which implies that the mesh which represents the turbine wheel is rotating relative to the stationary turbine house. The total number of cells is 1 111 720 and the cell distribution and averaged cell size at the different parts of the grid is given in Table 2. The averaged cell size is defined as the cubic root of the ratio between the volumePDF Image | Numerical computations of the unsteady flow in a radial turbine
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