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44 5. RESULTS 5.2.2. Pulsatile flow in turbocharger Three different cases have been computed, where Case 1 has a frequency, mass flow and temperature corresponding to an engine working with wide open throt- tle at a speed of 1500 rpm, see Figure 5.7. The rotational speed of the turbine is 97 897 rpm. Case 2 has the same mass flow and temperature profile as for Case 1, but the frequency of the pulsations is ten times higher. This is not a realistic case for a turbocharger of a passenger car, but this case is used to investigate the effects of a higher frequency of the pulsatile inlet conditions. For Case 3, the inlet conditions and the rotational speed of the turbine corresponds to an IC-engine working at 3000 rpm. The inlet conditions are shown in Figure 5.7. The rotational speed of the turbine for this case is 150 000 rpm. At the outlet, a minimal reflecting pressure condition is applied to ensure that no reflected pressure waves contaminate the numerical solution. Figure 5.7. Specified mass flow and temperature at the inlet to the turbine for Case 1 (left) and Case 3 (right), respectively. The shaft power varies during the pulse, as shown in Figure 5.8. As can be seen, the shaft power is higher when the mass flow at the inlet is decreasing. The isentropic efficiency, ηis also varies during the pulse. At certain times the nominal efficiency is negative since at these instances the shaft torque is itself negative due to a fixed rotational speed of the turbine wheel. The same behaviour for a mixed flow turbine at pulsatile flow conditions at the inlet was reported by Palfreyman & Martinez-Botas (2005) who conducted both numerical computations and experiments to investigate the performance of mixed flow turbine working under pulsatile flow conditions. As also can be seen in plots of the shaft power, an oscillation with a frequency corresponding to the blade passage is superimposed on the shaft power. The local minimum of the shaft torque occurs when the blade passes the tongue which gives a disturbance of the pressure distribution on the blade, resulting in a disturbance if the shaft torque.PDF Image | Numerical computations of the unsteady flow in a radial turbine
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