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5.2. UNSTEADY FLOW IN A RADIAL TURBINE 47 1 only a small phase shift occurs between the mass flow and the pressure at the inlet. The shaft torque is also almost in phase with the mass flow and pressure at the inlet, and hence a time resolved isentropic efficiency can be defined. When the frequency increases, the phase shift is significant. This implies that an isentropic efficiency can not be computed in an accurate way. For Case 1, the maximum phase shift between the mass flow and the pressure is approximately 20◦ which occurs when the mass flow into the domain is low. When the mass flow reaches its peak, the phase shift is below 4◦. For Case 3, the phase shift between the mass flow pulse and pressure at the inlet when maximum mass flow occurs is approximately 20◦, which is significantly higher than for Case 1. This implies that the quasi-stationary assumption is not valid for a turbine working in pulsatile flow. The deviation from the quasi-stationary assumption also depends on that the flow separation from the turbine wheel blades is more severe during the acceleration phase as compared to the same mass flow during the deceleration phase. The deviation from the quasi-stationary approach increases with increasing frequency, which has also been reported by Wallace & Blair (1965). When the mass flow through the Figure 5.11. Snapshot of the in-plane relative velocity at a plane between the leading and trailing edge of the wheel, Case 1. The left figure shows the flow field with low mass flow through the turbine. The right figure shows the flow field when the mass flow through the turbine is high. is low, the relative inlet angle is below -40◦. This implies that the turbine pressure is higher at the suction side of the blade tip at the leading edge, which drives the flow over the tip from the suction side towards the pressure side. This leads also to the role-up of the tip vortex at the pressure side, as shown in Figure 5.10. When the mass flow increases during the pulse, the inlet anglePDF Image | Numerical computations of the unsteady flow in a radial turbine
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