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Energies 2020, 13, 2118 4 of 18 m. = ρ1C1m2πr1H = ρ2C2m2πr2H = ρ3C3m2πr3H (2) The total-to-total efficiency (ηtt) and total-to-static efficiency (ηts) of the turbine are as follows in Equations (3) and (4), respectively. In addition, the total state enthalpy (h0) and static state enthalpy (h) have the relationship of Equation (5) at a specific point. ηtt = (h01 − h03)/(h01 − h03s) (3) ηts = (h01 − h03)/(h01 − h3ss) (4) h0 =h+0.5C2 (5) Maksiuta et al. [21] found that radial outflow turbines, as well as radial inflow turbines, had an appropriate velocity ratio (ν) of 0.7. The velocity ratio is defined in Equation (6). Here, the peripheral velocity of the rotor inlet (U2) and spouting velocity (C0) are shown in Equations (7) and (8), respectively. ν = U2/C0 (6) U2 = r2ω (7) C0= 2(h01−h3ss) (8) The definitions of the nozzle enthalpy loss coefficient (ξN) and rotor enthalpy loss coefficient (ξR) of a radial outflow turbine are as shown in Equations (9) and (10), respectively [23]. The total-to-total efficiency (ηtt) and total-to-static efficiency (ηts) of the turbine can be expressed by using the enthalpy loss coefficients shown in Equations (11) and (12) [20,22]. ξN = h2 − h2s 0.5C2 ξR = h3 −h3s 0.5W32 The definitions of loading coefficient (ψ) and flow coefficient (φ) for radial outflow turbines are given in Equations (13) and (14) [6,23]. ψ = U2C2θ − U3C3θ (13) U2 φ = C3m (14) U2 (9) (10) ηtt= 2 ηts=22 2 (12) 1 2 (11) 1+ ξRW3/2+ ξNC2/2 (h3/h2) /(h01 −h03) 1 1 + ξRW3/2 + ξNC2/2 (h3/h2) + C3/2 /(h01 − h03)PDF Image | Off-Design Analysis of a Radial Outflow Turbine for ORC
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