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Energies 2020, 13, 2118 8 of 18 Specification r1 [mm] r2N [mm] r2R [mm] r3 [mm] H [mm] tmax,N [mm] tmax,R [mm] α1b [◦] Table 2. Preliminary design results of the radial outflow turbine. 7100 RPM 121.6 139.9 143.9 177.9 9.1 6.0 5.8 0.0 69.4 −21.5 −75.0 The preliminary design program of the radial outflow turbine was validated using CFD. It is an effective, economical, and reliable tool for validating the preliminary design program of turbomachinery. ANSYS-BladeGen V13.0 was used to complete the full geometry of the radial outflow turbine corresponding to the preliminary design results of 7200 RPM (Figure 5). The blade angle was set to change linearly over the flow path. The 4-digit NACA thickness model provided by ANSYS-BladeGen was applied for the nozzle and rotor blades in Table 2 [29]. For effective validation, analysis was performed on the one-passage geometry of the nozzle and rotor. A hexagonal mesh was created using ANSYS-TurboGrid V13.0 based on the one-passage geometry of the nozzle and rotor, as shown in Figure 6 [30]. Figure 5. Full geometry of the radial outflow turbine. ANSYS-CFX V13.0 was used as the CFD analysis program. The equation of state for the working fluid R143a used the reliable Aungier–Redlich–Kwong equation even near the critical condition [27]. The turbulence model used the shear stress transport (SST) model, which can expect more accurate flow predictions than the k–ε model in the boundary layer. The physical time step was set to 0.1/ω according to the ANSYS-CFX V13.0 reference guide [31]. Considering that it is one passage, inlet boundary conditions were given mass flow (0.90 kg/s = 41.45 kg/s ÷ 46 passages) and total temperature 3.3. Method of CFD Analysis α2b [◦] β2b [◦] β3b [◦] 7200 RPM 7300 RPM 119.9 118.3 137.9 136.0 141.9 140.0 175.4 173.0 9.2 9.4 5.9 5.8 5.7 5.6 0.0 0.0 69.4 69.4 −75.0 NN 43 46 50 −75.0 NR 33 41 57 −21.5 −21.5PDF Image | Off-Design Analysis of a Radial Outflow Turbine for ORC
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