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Figure 7: Impact of the ORC system on the powertrain Figure 8: Contribution of the ORC system on specific power output. NOx emissions reduction 4. Conclusions In a number of ORC system-level studies, the efficiency of the expander is considered to be constant for all of the operating points and with different working fluids. In this study, this assumption is shown to be insufficient for accurate modelling of system efficiency and management of the expectations of what is achievable from such a technology. For this analysis, an in-house design and optimization code was employed and briefly presented as was a commercial turbomachinery analysis software to collectively analyse on- and off-design cases. According to the analysis presented, the expander efficiency changes substantially depending on the input conditions and the fluid used. It was also shown that the cycle thermal efficiency is highly affected by the engine operating conditions. At high engine speeds, the cycle shows improved performance due to the higher temperature available and hence the higher quantity of the fluid being evaporated. Also, a trade-off was noticed between the cycle and expander efficiencies in terms of fluid selection. Generally, R123 showed better cycle thermal efficiency, while R245fa showed better expander efficiency. Overall, the goal of this study was to investigate how ORC systems can improve diesel engine performance and reduce exhaust emissions, through a selected parametric study of key parameters. The study showed that the engine power can be increased by up to 5.7%. Moreover, the results proved that ORC systems can have a significant impact on fuel consumption reduction. The results showed that a decrease of up to 5.44% both for fuel consumption and NOx emissions. 14PDF Image | Off Hwy Vehicle Radial Turbine Expander Design WHR ORC
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